Abstract
Background: Some Ebola vaccines have been developed and tested in phase III clinical trials. However, assessment of whether public have willingness to purchase or not, especially in unaffected areas, is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 August to 30 December 2015 in five cities in Aceh province of Indonesia. Patients' family members who visited outpatient departments were approached and interviewed about their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of Ebola, attitude towards vaccination practice and their WTP for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine. A multivariable linear regression model assessed the relationship between these explanatory variables and WTP. Results: During the study, 500 participants were approached and interviewed. There were 424 (84.8%) respondents who completed the interview and 74% (311/424) expressed their acceptance for an Ebola vaccine. There were 288 participants who were willing to pay for an Ebola vaccine (92.6% out of 311). The mean of WTP was US$2.08 (95% CI: 1.75-2.42). The final multivariable model indicated that young age, high educational attainment, working as a private employee, entrepreneur or civil servant (compared to farmers), being unmarried, and residing in a suburb (compared to a city) were associated with higher WTP. Conclusions: Although the proportion of the participants who would accept the Ebola vaccine was relatively high, the amount they were willing to pay for Ebola vaccine was very low. This finding would indicate the need of subsidies for Ebola vaccine in the country.
Highlights
Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly called as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a disease characterized by high mortality in human populations[1]
Study design and setting Approximately 16 months after the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia raised an alert for EVD in Indonesia, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine among family members of patients with any illness admitted to eight health facilities in four regencies (Nagan Raya, Aceh Selatan, Langsa and Banda Aceh) of Aceh province from 1 August to 30 December 2015
To assess the amount of money that participants would be willing to pay for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine, participants were asked whether they would be willing to pay for the vaccine using a list of Ebola vaccine prices: Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 5.000, 10,000, 17.500, 37.500, 87.500, 150.000, and 300.000
Summary
Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly called as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a disease characterized by high mortality in human populations[1]. EBOV first emerged in tropical areas of Africa – in the countries known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan – in 1976, and was recognized as a new viral hemorrhagic fever[3]. In Asia, EVD cases were reported in the Philippines[6]. No cases have yet been reported in Indonesia, many travelers pass through the country. Since 2017, several outbreaks of EVD have impacted the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with over 2,000 reported cases as of June 20197. The aim of this study was to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine in Indonesia. Patients’ family members who visited outpatient departments were approached and interviewed about their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of Ebola, attitude towards vaccination practice and their WTP for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine. There were 424 (84.8%) respondents who completed the version 2
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