William James, Niels Bohr, and Complementarity: II—Pragmatics of a Thought

Abstract

Q-factor theory has close correspondences with quantum-theoretical concepts in physics. The observation by William James, separating transitive and substantive parts of thought, and identified by him as complementariness, calls for a quantum-theoretical basis for so-called “mind.” Following the methodology suggested by James, the thought “Columbus discovered America in 1492” is subjected to Q-methodology, resulting in operant factors which are complementary to each other. The law of transformation of experience into operant factors is proof of quan- tumization of so-called “mind.” Since we replace “mind” by communica- bility, the law applies to the latter. Complementarity applies to transitive thought, whence its significance in quantum theory, where observer and observed are conjoined in some self-referential form. Bohr’s expectancy for a new epistemology based on the complementariness principle finds full support in Q-methodology, applicable to all subjectivity. Similarly, there can be unity in science, provided objective and subjective parts are granted, each rooted in quantum theoretical concepts.