Abstract
BackgroundRecognizing the growing childhood overweight problem, a number of school-based strategies, including policy approaches, have been proposed and are being implemented to address the problem considering the amount of time children spend in schools. This paper describes the results of a pilot study that tested approaches to collecting U.S. school district policy information regarding physical education and nutrition requirements that can inform efforts by policy makers, researchers, advocates and others interested in collecting school district-level obesity-related policies that are typically not systematically available from a "one stop" source.MethodsSixty local school districts representing six states were selected for conducting the district policy research, with larger, urban school districts over-sampled to facilitate collection of policies from districts representing a larger proportion of the public school population in each study state. The six states within which the pilot districts were located were chosen based on the variability in their physical education and school-based nutrition policy and geographic and demographic diversity. Web research and a mail canvass of the study districts was conducted between January and May 2006 to obtain all relevant policies. An additional field collection effort was conducted in a sample of districts located in three study states to test the extent to which field collection would yield additional information.ResultsPolicies were obtained from 40 (67%) of the 60 districts, with policies retrieved via both Web and mail canvass methods in 16 (27%) of the districts, and were confirmed to not exist in 10 (17%) of the districts. Policies were more likely to be retrieved from larger, urban districts, whereas the smallest districts had no policies available on the Web. In no instances were exactly the same policies retrieved from the two sources. Physical education policies were slightly more prevalent than nutrition policies.ConclusionCollection of U.S. local school district policies requires a multi-pronged approach. Web research and mail canvasses will likely yield different types of policy information. Given the variance in district-level Web site presence, researchers and others interested in obtaining district physical education and nutrition-related policies should consider supplementing Web research with more direct methods.
Highlights
Recognizing the growing childhood overweight problem, a number of school-based strategies, including policy approaches, have been proposed and are being implemented to address the problem considering the amount of time children spend in schools
In the U.S, childhood obesity is a significant and increasing problem with recent data indicating that in 2003–2004, over nine million U.S children ages 6–19-or three times the proportion in 1980-had a body mass index in the 95th percentile or higher. [2,3,4] a recent reanalysis of the NHANES 2003–2004 survey data using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs suggests that U.S children are experiencing a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity when compared to all industrialized countries.[5]
Recognizing that obesity is caused by a combination of genetic, metabolic, behavioral, cultural, environmental, and socioeconomic factors,[6,7] a number of U.S national organizations, including the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the National Alliance for Nutrition and Activity, the Clinton Foundation, the Alliance for a Healthier Generation, and the School Nutrition Association have developed strategies to address the problems of childhood obesity and overweight at the school, school district, community, municipal, state, and federal levels
Summary
Recognizing the growing childhood overweight problem, a number of school-based strategies, including policy approaches, have been proposed and are being implemented to address the problem considering the amount of time children spend in schools. Recognizing that obesity is caused by a combination of genetic, metabolic, behavioral, cultural, environmental, and socioeconomic factors,[6,7] a number of U.S national organizations, including the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the National Alliance for Nutrition and Activity, the Clinton Foundation, the Alliance for a Healthier Generation, and the School Nutrition Association have developed strategies to address the problems of childhood obesity and overweight at the school, school district, community, municipal, state, and federal levels. The IOM and the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a call to governments, industry, communities, schools, and families to "identify, implement, evaluate and disseminate effective policies and interventions that support childhood obesity goals."[7,8]
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