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Abstract
Urinary schistosomiasis is a devastating parasitic disease in Nigeria. This study was carried out to investigate the current prevalence, intensity, risk factors and knowledge assessment among some rural communities in southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which a standard urine filtrations technique was used to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection. A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect subject’s data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Of the total 620 urine samples examined, overall 346 (55.81%) were positive with a mean egg intensity (S.D) of 65.60 (59.33) egg/10 mL of urine. Significant differences occurred in the analysis. Males had the highest prevalence and intensity of 224 (61.9%) and 69.20 egg/10 mL of urine, respectively. The 10–14 years age group had the highest prevalence of 65.9% while mean intensity of infection among the age group decreases with increasing age, with the highest mean intensity of infection (80.14 egg/10 mL) recorded among the age group ≤ 4 years. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being age group 10–14 (COR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.79) and dependent on river (COR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.33–1.33) increased the odd of contracting an infection. Similarly, the knowledge of respondents on urinary schistosomiasis was low. Conclusively, urinary schistosomiasis is still persistent at a very high rate in the study area and appropriate control measure should be deployed.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis, known as bilharziasis, is a waterborne parasitic disease caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma and it is a public health concern worldwide, in Sub-SaharanAfrica
There is an urgent need for updated epidemiological information that can enhance the management, control and prevention of urinary schistosomiasis in Osun and Kwara State. This current study focuses on the prevalence, intensity, risk factors and knowledge assessment affecting the distribution of urinary schistosomiasis among some selected rural communities in Southwestern Nigeria
In Nigeria, urinary schistosomiasis is a major public health issue which has been confirmed in different parts of the country and the prevalence is on the increase on a daily basis
Summary
Schistosomiasis, known as bilharziasis, is a waterborne parasitic disease caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma and it is a public health concern worldwide, in Sub-Saharan. The major schistosome species include Schistosoma haematobium, which is the most widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa [1,2,3,4] and responsible for urinary schistosomiasis, while Schistosoma mansoni, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum and S. mekongi are all responsible for intestinal schistosomiasis [5]. The slender female is carried in the male gynaecophoric canal and it is highly pathogenic. This is because the egg with a terminal spine can induce morbidity and cause a granulomatous lesions due to the host immune response. The WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has declared S. haematobium as a group
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