Abstract

AbstractAimAmong the numerous anthropogenic pressures threatening biodiversity, habitat destruction and climate change are pointed to as dominant. In response, a number of mitigation strategies are elaborated to save endangered living organisms. However, the taxonomic level and geographical extent at which conservation strategies should be designed and implemented remain generally unclear. Here, we aim to assess and discuss the importance to apply conservation strategies at an appropriate taxonomic scale. For this purpose, we focus our analyses on bumblebees (genus Bombus), a group of critically important and endangered pollinators.LocationWest‐Palaearctic.MethodsWe use a species distribution modelling approach to investigate and compare climatic and habitat‐related variables associated with the distribution of West‐Palaearctic bumblebees. Our analyses are based on a data set gathering more than 125,000 unique observation points for 68 species.ResultsWe highlight species‐specific associations with climatic and land cover variables, depicting the strong relevance of taxon‐specific mitigation strategies for the conservation of those key pollinators. We also identify that the occurrence probability of localized and widespread species is mostly predicted by specific land cover characteristics and climatic conditions, respectively. Finally, we report the general absence of phylogenetic signal associated with the relative importance of each environmental variable in species distribution models, underlining the difficulty to predict species‐specific environmental requirements based on evolutionary relationships.Main conclusionsIn the light of these results, we conclude that climate change and landscape destruction are not expected to drive the fate of all bumblebee species in a same direction, even for phylogenetically close lineages. We argue in favour of geographically and taxonomically adapted conservation strategies and discuss the limitations of untargeted action plans for species with different climatic/habitat requirements.

Highlights

  • Because the climatic and land cover requirements of the different studied species could be at least partly explained by their evolutionary history, we test whether a phylogenetic signal underlies the relative importance of each environmental variable in species distribution models

  • We investigated whether the relative importance of each environmental variable in the different species distribution models was associated with a significant phylogenetic signal

  • We investigate through Species distribution modelling (SDM) which climatic and land cover variables are the most important predictors of the distribution of 68 West-Palaearctic bumblebee species

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Summary

Introduction

We first explore whether the distribution of bumblebee species can be explained by similar combinations of variables or whether each taxon presents its own specific climatic and land cover requirements. Because the climatic and land cover requirements of the different studied species could be at least partly explained by their evolutionary history, we test whether a phylogenetic signal underlies the relative importance of each environmental variable in species distribution models.

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