Abstract
Wildfire is a sudden and hazardous natural disaster. Currently, many schemes based on optical spectrum analysis have been proposed to detect wildfire, but obstacles in forest areas can decrease the efficiency of spectral monitoring, resulting in a wildfire detection system not being able to monitor the occurrence of wildfire promptly. In this paper, we propose a novel wildfire detection system using sound spectrum analysis based on the Internet of Things (IoT), which utilizes a wireless acoustic detection system to probe wildfire and distinguish the difference in the sound between the crown and the surface fire. We also designed a new power supply unit: tree-energy device, which utilizes the biological energy of the living trees to generate electricity. We implemented sound spectrum analysis on the data collected by sound sensors and then combined our classification algorithms. The results describe that the sound frequency of the crown fire is about 0–400 Hz, while the sound frequency of the surface fire ranges from 0 to 15,000 Hz. However, the accuracy of the classification method is affected by some factors, such as the distribution of sensors, the loss of energy in sound transmission, and the delay of data transmission. In the simulation experiments, the recognition rate of the method can reach about 70%.
Highlights
Wildfire destroys millions of hectares of forest, pollutes the environment, causes severe casualties, and has a significant economic impact on government budgets every year [1,2]
Different from traditional wildfire monitoring systems based on optical spectrum analysis, we introduce a new wildfire detection system utilizing sound spectrum analysis based on Internet of Things (IoT)
Wildfire noise records collected by sound sensors were used for data analysis and the results of the analysis show that the sound spectral forms of surface fires and crown fires are different: the trend line amplitude of the ground fire noise spectrum gradually increases, and the trend line of the crown fire noise spectrum is a bell-shaped (Gaussian) trend line test
Summary
Wildfire destroys millions of hectares of forest, pollutes the environment, causes severe casualties, and has a significant economic impact on government budgets every year [1,2]. Before it is out of control, is still a difficult challenge. According to the combustion materials, a wildfire is generally classified into three types: underground fire, surface fire, or crown fire. An underground fire is caused by spontaneous combustion or combustion in other channels after coal strata meet combustion conditions under the surface; and a surface fire, when not acted upon by external forces, usually spreads along the surface of forest areas. A crown fire always spreads more than 100 times faster than a surface fire and is more destructive
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