Wild Soybean Oxalyl-CoA Synthetase Degrades Oxalate and Affects the Tolerance to Cadmium and Aluminum Stresses.

Peiqi Xian,Zhandong Cai,Tengxiang Lian,Rongbin Lin,Qibin Ma,Yanbo Cheng,Hai Nian

doi:10.3390/ijms21228869

Peiqi Xian, Zhandong Cai + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228869

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Abstract

Acyl activating enzyme 3 (AAE3) was identified as being involved in the acetylation pathway of oxalate degradation, which regulates the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in various higher plants. Here, we investigated the role of Glycine soja AAE3 (GsAAE3) in Cadmium (Cd) and Aluminum (Al) tolerances. The recombinant GsAAE3 protein showed high activity toward oxalate, with a Km of 105.10 ± 12.30 μM and Vmax of 12.64 ± 0.34 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein, suggesting that it functions as an oxalyl–CoA synthetase. The expression of a GsAAE3–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein in tobacco leaves did not reveal a specific subcellular localization pattern of GsAAE3. An analysis of the GsAAE3 expression pattern revealed an increase in GsAAE3 expression in response to Cd and Al stresses, and it is mainly expressed in root tips. Furthermore, oxalate accumulation induced by Cd and Al contributes to the inhibition of root growth in wild soybean. Importantly, GsAAE3 overexpression increases Cd and Al tolerances in A. thaliana and soybean hairy roots, which is associated with a decrease in oxalate accumulation. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the GsAAE3-encoded protein plays an important role in coping with Cd and Al stresses.

Highlights

Oxalic acid, the simplest dicarboxylic acid, occurs as a natural product in a wide range of plants, animals, microorganisms, rocks, and soil [1]
We postulated that oxalate accumulation induced by Cd and Al contributes to inhibiting root growth in wild soybean
Based on the BW69 (Glycine soja) root tip Al stress-responsive genes expression profiles, we found a gene, Glycine soja AAE3 (GsAAE3), whose expression was upregulated, induced by Al (Table S1), and it was annotated on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as an oxalate-CoA ligase

Summary

Introduction

The simplest dicarboxylic acid, occurs as a natural product in a wide range of plants, animals, microorganisms, rocks, and soil [1]. It is a common component of organisms and primarily accumulates as soluble oxalate, insoluble calcium oxalate, or a combination of these two forms [2]. Many studies have focused on the role of oxalate in the response to abiotic stress, and it is perceived to play certain roles in calcium regulation, ion homeostasis, metal tolerance, and other pathways [7].

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