Abstract
Drought often compromises yield in non-irrigated crops such as rainfed rice, imperiling the communities that depend upon it as a primary food source. In this study, two cultivated species (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare and Oryza glaberrima cv. CG14) and an endemic, perennial Australian wild species (Oryza australiensis) were grown in soil at 40% field capacity for 7 d (drought). The hypothesis was that the natural tolerance of O. australiensis to erratic water supply would be reflected in a unique proteomic profile. Leaves from droughted plants and well-watered controls were harvested for label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics. Physiological and gene ontology analysis confirmed that O. australiensis responded uniquely to drought, with superior leaf water status and enhanced levels of photosynthetic proteins. Distinctive patterns of protein accumulation in drought were observed across the O. australiensis proteome. Photosynthetic and stress-response proteins were more abundant in drought-affected O. glaberrima than O. sativa, and were further enriched in O. australiensis. In contrast, the level of accumulation of photosynthetic proteins decreased when O. sativa underwent drought, while a narrower range of stress-responsive proteins showed increased levels of accumulation. Distinctive proteomic profiles and the accumulated levels of individual proteins with specific functions in response to drought in O. australiensis indicate the importance of this species as a source of stress tolerance genes.
Highlights
More severe and sustained droughts are a consequence of accelerating climate change and they represent a pressing threat to global food security, especially in non-irrigated crops
Oryza australiensis was clearly different from the other two species in terms of leaf water potential, which was barely changed in response to drought stress, and in terms of the overall protein accumulation signature
At the protein accumulation level, the only molecular process that appeared to be affected in all three species was translation, which was globally suppressed, suggesting a generalized reduction in protein synthesis occurring in response to drought stress
Summary
More severe and sustained droughts are a consequence of accelerating climate change and they represent a pressing threat to global food security, especially in non-irrigated crops. O. glaberrima has advantages over O. sativa in that it is generally more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, and better adapted to respond to erratic climates [5] It has a considerable amount of wild Oryza genetic features through its progenitor, O. barthii [6]. There are several specific features of O. glaberrima that make it well adapted to drought stress, including a well-developed root system and reduced water loss through enhanced stomatal closure and leaf curling [4]. It was a candidate for investigation of drought tolerance in the current study
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