Wie erleben junge Allgemeinärzt*innen den Übergang in die hausärztliche Praxis? Eine qualitative Studie

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough the role of general practice has been strengthened in recent years, undergraduate teaching at medical schools and the clinical phase of specialist training remain dominated by specialized care of seriously ill people in hospitals. It is to be assumed that young doctors’ views on medical care are strongly shaped by this clinical focus. ObjectiveTo investigate how young general practitioners (GPs) perceive transition from medical school and hospital work to general practice. MethodsIn a qualitative study, a total of 13 physicians in specialist training for general practice as well as general practitioners who had completed their specialist examination up to two years ago participated in problem-oriented interviews. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis. ResultsThe significant differences between hospital-based and primary care practice initially came as quite a shock to the study participants. Key differences and challenges compared to working in a hospital included: 1) the totally different type of patients or complaints they faced; 2) learning that in many situations one can and should bide one's time (“wait-and-see” approach); 3) ruling out avoidable dangerous developments in patients reliably and coping with the corresponding residual risk; 4) the discovery that sometimes it makes sense not to make a diagnosis; 5) that the doctor-patient relationship should be more cooperative in general practice; and 6) that GPs are often under pressure to act although there is no clear need for taking action or no clear treatment option from a medical and scientific point of view. ConclusionsOur findings confirm that young doctors’ initial views on medical care are strongly shaped by the clinical focus of medical schools and hospital work. Working in general practice is perceived as being very different from working in a hospital.