Width Design of Urban Rail Transit Station Walkway: A Novel Simulation-Based Optimization Approach

Abstract

The optimal design of the walkway at an urban rail transit station is a vital issue. The Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) TCRP-100 report for the design of urban rail transit station walkway and the existing design models neglect the important factors such as randomness in the passenger arrival rate, randomness and state-dependent service time of the walkway and blocking phenomenon when the passenger flow demand exceeds the walkway capacity. There obviously exists a need to develop a design approach that overcomes these shortcomings. For this purpose, this paper details a simulation-based optimization approach that provides width design through automatic reconfiguration of walkway width during the simulation–optimization process based on phase-type (PH) distribution. The integrated PH/PH(n)/C/C discrete-event simulation (DES) model and optimization method that uses the genetic algorithm (GA) work together concurrently to obtain optimized (design) widths for different passenger flow and level of service (LOS) The numerical experiments are conducted to compare the proposed model with the existing design methods. It reveals that: (1) The width obtained by our proposed model is higher than the existing width design models; (2) when squared coefficient of variation of passenger arrival interval increases, the walkway width increases more for our proposed model than the existing design models; (3) when the arrival rate increases, the walkway width of our proposed model increases faster than the existing design models; (4) the increase in the length of walkway has no significant effect on the walkway width.