Wideband Bidirectional Variable Gain Amplifier for 5G Communication

Abstract

A wideband bidirectional variable gain amplifier (BDVGA) for 5G communication implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process is proposed. It consists of a symmetrical pair of differential main and auxiliary amplifiers, in which the auxiliary amplifiers are cross-connected to have a gain-control function. Their transistor sizes are carefully optimized for the gain, power consumption, and gain-control dynamic range. Capacitance ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{\mathrm{ex}})$</tex-math> </inline-formula> is introduced at the gate-to-drain nodes of auxiliary transistors to eliminate any phase variation when controlling the gain. The n257, n258, and n261 bands are suitably covered by using the same transmission line transformers (TLTs) at the input and output. The amplifier shows the maximum gains of 5.4 and 6.1 dB for TX and RX, respectively, with a gain-control range of 15 dB and core size of 0.12 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> . Also measured are 3-dB bandwidths of 22.3–35.8 GHz (46.4%) and 22.8–35 GHz (42.2%) with corresponding root-mean-square (rms) phase errors of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&lt;$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 2.8 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> /3.3 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and maximum dc power consumption of 23 mW.