Wideband acoustic absorbance in children with Down syndrome

Alessandra Spada Durante,Mayara Santos,Nayara M.C De F Roque,Marcella S Gameiro,Katia De Almeida,Osmar Mesquita De Sousa Neto

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.12.006

Alessandra Spada Durante, Mayara Santos + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.12.006

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Abstract

IntroductionTympanometry is currently the most frequently used tool for assessing the status of the middle ear, commonly assessed using a single 226Hz tone. However, the use of the Acoustic Immittance Measures with a wideband stimulus is a promising high-resolution evaluation, especially in individuals known to have middle ear alterations, such as Down syndrome patients. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the acoustic absorbance measurements in children with Down syndrome. MethodsCross-sectional study, approved by the institution's ethics committee. Data were collected from 30 children, with a mean age of 8.4 years, 15 with Down syndrome (DS-study group) and 15 children with typical development and no hearing complaints (control group). Energy absorbance was measured at frequencies of 226–8000Hz at ambient pressure and at peak pressure as a function of frequency using TITAN equipment. Statistical analysis was performed using the established level of statistical significance of 5%. ResultsWith the 226Hz probe tone, 30 ears of the control group and 22 of the study group exhibited Type A tympanograms, whereas Type B was observed in eight children in the study group. The mean acoustic absorbance ratio of the study group was lower than that of the control group at frequencies centered at 2520Hz (p=0.008) for those with normal tympanometry results, and 226–4000Hz (p<0.03) for those with a Type B tympanometry curve. ConclusionThe low energy absorption in the presence of normal tympanograms in children with Down syndrome may suggest middle ear abnormalities.

Highlights

Tympanometry is currently the most frequently used tool for assessing the status of the middle ear, commonly assessed using a single 226 Hz tone
The estimated incidence of Down syndrome is 1 in 1000 live births worldwide, making it the most common of the genetic syndromes. Common manifestations of this syndrome include auditory abnormalities including low-set earlobes and external auditory meatus (EAM) stenosis, characteristics that may result in the accumulation of cerumen in the EAM when associated with smooth muscle hypotonia
This study investigated acoustic absorbance measurements in children with Down syndrome and children with normal development, divided according to the tympanometry curve at 226 Hz

Summary

Introduction

Tympanometry is currently the most frequently used tool for assessing the status of the middle ear, commonly assessed using a single 226 Hz tone. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the acoustic absorbance measurements in children with Down syndrome. The estimated incidence of Down syndrome is 1 in 1000 live births worldwide, making it the most common of the genetic syndromes Common manifestations of this syndrome include auditory abnormalities including low-set earlobes and external auditory meatus (EAM) stenosis, characteristics that may result in the accumulation of cerumen in the EAM when associated with smooth muscle hypotonia. Presbycusis has been described in adolescents with DS, due to the early aging in DS individuals.[1,2] It has been estimated that 60---80% of children with DS have some type of hearing loss with a significant risk of otitis media (50---70%), which often makes early diagnosis[3] of neurosensory hearing loss[4,5] difficult

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