Wide Spectrum Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in External Anogenital Warts

Orsolya Rideg,Angéla Oszter,Kornélia Farkas,Krisztina Kovács,Tamás Tornóczky,Endre Kálmán,Evelin Makk

doi:10.3390/vaccines9060604

Abstract

External anogenital warts (EGW) are primarily associated with the low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 6 and 11, though coinfection with other low-risk and oncogenic high-risk HPV genotypes also occurs. Although there have been many studies on HPV-associated disease, the prevalence of HPV genotypes associated with EGW is not well characterized. The objective of our retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of HPV genotypes among patients diagnosed with EGW in the south-west of Hungary. Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 94 patients were processed in our study. HPV genotypes were determined, applying HPV Direct Flow CHIP test. The overall prevalence of HPV DNA in the EGW samples was 100%, yielding 131 infections among the 94 samples. Of these cases, 72.3% were mono while 27.6% were multi-infections. Out of the 131 infections, the cumulative prevalence of HPV 6 and 11 was 71%. A total of 98.9% of the samples were carrying at least one of these genotypes, while 19.1% of the cases occurred with at least one high-risk genotype. Data from our study could provide invaluable information concerning the prevalence of HPV types among patients with EGW, enabling improved assessment of the actual and future efficacy of vaccination programs, vaccine development, and forecast changes in infection patterns.

Highlights

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for the development of external anogenital warts (EGW), often referred to as external condyloma acuminata (Figure 1)
In geographical a retrospective study, aimed to determine th data are not yet available from Hungary, in a retrospective study, we aimed to determine prevalence of HPV genotypes in patients diagnosed with EGW by using the HPV Direc the prevalence of HPV genotypes in patients diagnosed with EGW by using the HPV Direct
It has been proposed that low-risk HPV genotypes do not integrate their DNA into the chromosomes of the infected cells, such low-grade lesions have a low risk of progression to malignancy

Summary

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for the development of external anogenital warts (EGW), often referred to as external condyloma acuminata (Figure 1).External anogenital warts rank among the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases, approximately 65% of people who have sex with an infected partner will develop warts themselves [1,2]. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for the development of external anogenital warts (EGW), often referred to as external condyloma acuminata (Figure 1). Though primarily (90%) HPV genotypes 6 and 11 are known to be associated with external anogenital warts, combined infections with other low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) HPV types occur [4,5,6,7,8,9]. It has been indicated that patients with simultaneous infection are at higher risk of developing more serious diseases like cervical, penis, and anal cancer [6]. Around 20% of people with EGW will present veloping more serious diseases like cervical, penis, and anal cancer [6].

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