Abstract
Modulated imaging is a new modality capable of wide-field, spatially resolved measurement of in vivo optical properties. Based on spatial light modulation, the method is inexpensive, non-contact, and allows spatial mapping of tissue absorption and reduced scattering coefficients at any wavelength between 450 and 1,100 nm. Currently, clinicians rely on qualitative visual inspection to guide parameter selection for laser-based tattoo removal. MI provides quantitative measurements of multi-colored tattooed skin which may help guide treatment and objectively assess response. We have measured the spatially varying optical properties of multi-colored tattooed skin over a 50 mm x 50 mm field of view at wavelengths ranging from 650 to 970 nm using MI. These measurements were compared to a similar field of view of non-tattooed skin from an adjacent area. We have determined the differentiated optical properties in vivo of multi-colored tattooed skin versus non-tattooed skin. MI provides spatially resolved quantitative information with potential for quantitative assessment of response to treatment and may provide guidance for laser tattoo removal in the future.
Highlights
Once practiced by a small portion of society, skin tattooing has become more common place
We present a new technique, known as modulated imaging (MI) that may be useful for clinical characterization of tattoo pigment prior to tattoo removal
MI is a new wide-field spectral imaging modality that relies on measurements, acquired by a CCD camera, of diffuse reflectance in the spatial frequency domain to deduce the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient on a pixel by pixel basis [12]
Summary
Once practiced by a small portion of society, skin tattooing has become more common place. Professional tattoos, which use more robust pigments and are generally placed at higher concentrations in the dermis, require an average of 8–12 treatments. In both cases treatments are typically spaced over 4–8 weeks [2,3]. Study Design/Materials and Methods—We have measured the spatially varying optical properties of multicolored tattooed skin over a 50 mm × 50 mm field of view at wavelengths ranging from 650 to 970 nm using MI. These measurements were compared to a similar field of view of nontattooed skin from an adjacent area. Conclusions—MI provides spatially resolved quantitative information with potential for quantitative assessment of response to treatment and may provide guidance for laser tattoo removal in the future
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