Abstract
The sensitivity and resolution of fluorescence-based imaging in vivo is often limited by autofluorescence and other background noise. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a wide-field background-free imaging technique based on magnetic modulation of fluorescent nanodiamond emission. Fluorescent nanodiamonds are bright, photo-stable, biocompatible nanoparticles that are promising probes for a wide range of in vitro and in vivo imaging applications. Our readily applied background-free imaging technique improves the signal-to-background ratio for in vivo imaging up to 100-fold. This technique has the potential to significantly improve and extend fluorescent nanodiamond imaging capabilities on diverse fluorescence imaging platforms.
Highlights
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are promising optical imaging probes
The sensitivity and resolution of fluorescence-based imaging in vivo is often limited by autofluorescence and other background noise
We have developed a wide-field backgroundfree imaging technique based on magnetic modulation of fluorescent nanodiamond emission
Summary
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are promising optical imaging probes. Caenorhabditis elegans including following the transfer of FNDs from one generation of organism to the [8], and for long-term imaging in mice [9] These and other studies demonstrated that FNDs are biocompatible imaging probes that do not produce significant short- or medium-term adverse effects in cultured cells, nematodes, or mice [7,8,9,10]. Nanodiamonds grafted with chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to be effective, biocompatible drug delivery particles that increase therapeutic effectiveness by overcoming drug efflux [11] These studies suggest that FNDs could be developed into dual use therapeutic and diagnostic, or theranostic, particles. Whereas these examples illustrate the potential of FNDs for in vivo optical imaging, a significant limitation of this potential is the difficulty of exciting and detecting FND emission through skin and tissue due to autofluorescence
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