Wicked Theorising: Theory Building to Solve Complex Problems

Abstract

Problematising is vaunted in the literature for developing interesting and influential theories but the role of problem-solving in research is much more contentious. Some argue it is merely a form of consulting, others that problem-solving leads to impactful research but at the expense of theoretical contribution, and yet others contend that it develops theories that are interesting, influential and impactful (Strübing, 2007). The canonical method for problem formulation and solution is Van de Ven’s grouping of methods under the banner of engaged scholarship. Developed over 15 years ago, Van de Ven outlined a four-step method of problem formulation, theory building, research design and problem solution, but it is more often espoused than it is used. Similarly, action research, a commonly used form of engaged scholarship, often adopts Van de Ven’s principles, but not necessarily the processes of engaged scholarship. We represent three generations of scholars (two of whom are project management scholars) who believe in the power of engaged scholarship and action research for researching complex phenomenon and helping solve wicked problems. In particular, we have found these methods suit the research of complex domains such as project management, but have found methodological and epistemological confusion and challenges in doing so. This paper explores the potential and challenges with these methods, and explains the techniques and strategies we have developed to overcome the challenges.