Why the cosmological constant problem is hard

Abstract

We consider a recent proposal to solve the cosmological constant problem within the context of brane world scenarios with infinite volume extra dimensions. In such theories bulk can be supersymmetric even if brane supersymmetry is completely broken. The bulk cosmological constant can therefore naturally be zero. Since the volume of the extra dimensions is infinite, it might appear that at large distances one would measure the bulk cosmological constant which vanishes. We point out a caveat in this argument. In particular, we use a concrete model, which is a generalization of the Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati model, to argue that in the presence of non-zero brane cosmological constant at large distances such a theory might become effectively four dimensional. This is due to a mass gap in the spectrum of bulk graviton modes. In fact, the corresponding distance scale is set precisely by the brane cosmological constant. This phenomenon appears to be responsible for the fact that bulk supersymmetry does not actually protect the brane cosmological constant.