Abstract
Stand-off techniques are well documented in the TEI Guidelines and their use is encouraged. They are not widely adopted, however, except in their simplest forms, because they introduce considerable managerial overhead to a project’s workflow. This article argues that stand-off markup is becoming increasingly relevant to a wider range of TEI projects, partly due to recent developments in the theory of textual modeling that strongly acknowledge the multidimensional nature of text. As a consequence, there is a need to considerably simplify the authoring, management, and processing of stand-off markup; but to what extent is this possible? Can tools make stand-off techniques more approachable without substantially disrupting workflows familiar to TEI encoders? This article focuses on the complexities of stand-off markup authoring through two examples, one from the now completed project Freischütz Digital and one from ongoing development at the Shelley-Godwin Archive. More specifically, these examples present situations in which stand-off has been essential for bridging competing editorial representations of text, an operation that is becoming fundamental in the multidimensional modeling of text. The coreBuilder, an open source web-based visual environment for authoring stand-off markup, was created to aid the encoding workflow for these TEI projects. coreBuilder was awarded the first Rahtz Prize for TEI Ingenuity in 2017. The tool is presented here as an example of simplifying the creation of stand-off markup without hiding the XML from the expert encoder.
Highlights
Introduction and BackgroundJournal of the Text Encoding Initiative, Issue 10, 16/06/2019 Selected Papers from the 2015 TEI Conference example, can be used in conjunction with to identify textual revisions across units of writing such as a paragraphs
Fairly domain-speci c TEI patterns, the need for stand-o markup is going to become gradually more pressing in a wider range of TEI projects, provides a technical answer to recent developments in the theory of textual modelling that have been strongly acknowledging the multifaceted nature of text
2007), were encoded in TEI “with a focus on the dramatic and lyrical structure of the text: the content is organized by scenes and verses; prose texts are distinguished and attributed to each actor; and stage directions and other descriptive text are identi ed as such
Summary
2007), were encoded in TEI “with a focus on the dramatic and lyrical structure of the text: the content is organized by scenes and verses; prose texts are distinguished and attributed to each actor; and stage directions and other descriptive text are identi ed as such. 12 The solution for FreiDi’s libretto edition involved the creation of a separate apparatus le that encodes textual variance with elements containing pointers to markup in the encoding of the sources This approach has a lot in common with collation les generated after an alignment step in software such as Juxta and CollateX, but it is designed to operate at more than one level of tokenization, so that statements about variation can be attached to any element in the TEIencoded sources. Di erences in capitalization and punctuation, on the other hand, are not directly targeted or identi ed as variants This solution has allowed FreiDi editors to model two competing representations: the one pertaining to variance and the one pertaining to the peculiar features of a speci c source
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