Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has become very common in modern nurseries in recent years. The favorite methods of managing it are either doing nothing, giving indomethacin, or surgical closure. The initial enthusiasm for the use of indomethacin to induce closure is now being tempered as a result of experience. Early surgical ligation of PDA, especially that complicating respiratory distress syndrome, is considered too aggressive for extremely small preterm infants, and for the management of infants having congestive heart failure.
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