Why is Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract more effective than Piper betle leaf extract on mortality of Aedes aegypty larvae ?

Abstract

The control of the dengue vector is an important step in preventing dengue fever. The use of synthetic pesticides has been proven to cause environmental pollution, death of various living things and resistance. Therefore, research on innovative vegetable insecticides such as nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract is urgently needed. This true experimental research to compare the effectiveness of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betle leaf extract on the Aedes aegypti larva using a post-test only design with a controlled-group design. The nicotiana tabacum leaf and piper betle leaf were extracted with 96% ethanol to be tested on the 600 third instar larvae. Then, the test was done with three concentrations of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract, including 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%, with three repetitions in each concentration. The most effective concentration and time of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract on the larvae mortality were analyzed using the Freadman test as the alternative test since the data were not normally distributed. LC 50 and LC 90 of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract were tested using probit analysis. The results showed that the treatments of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract affected larvas mortality. The average mortality of larvae in nicotiana tabacum leaf extract was at concentrations of 0.1% (6 larvae), 0.2% (12 larvae), 0.4% (24 larvae) and occurred after 1 h exposure, whereas in piper betle leaf extract, only occurred after 4 h of exposure, with an average death ratio at a concentration of 0.1% in nicotiana tabacum leaf extract (29.33 larvae) and piper betle leaf extract (1.33 larvae). The results of the Probit analysis of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betle leaf extract at 8 h of exposure obtained LC50 results of 1.2% nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and 9.036% piper betle leaf extract. The LC90 yield of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract was 3.086% and piper betle leaf extract was 14.81%. The results of this study indicated that there were differences in the mortality rates of the two extracts, and that nicotiana tabacum leaf extract had a higher mortality rate than piper betle leaf extract. LC50 and LC90 of piper betle leaf extract had lower values than nicotiana tabacum leaf extract. Piper betle leaf extract requires a higher extract concentration to kill 50% and 90% of test larvae compared to nicotiana tabacum leaf extract.