Why Is Impaired Sexual Function Distressing to Men? Consequences of Impaired Male Sexual Function and Their Associations With Sexual Well-Being

Abstract

IntroductionAccording to theoretical models of sexual dysfunction, the complex association between male sexual function and subjective sexual well-being (ie, sexual satisfaction and distress) may be partially mediated by specific “consequences” of impaired function, but little research has assessed the frequency of specific consequences or their association with well-being. AimTo pilot a scale assessing consequences of impaired male sexual function, and test whether specific consequences (eg, disruption of sexual activity, negative partner responses) mediated the association between sexual function and well-being. Methods166 men in sexually active heterosexual relationships completed self-report measures. A majority of men self-identified as experiencing impaired sexual function in the past month. Main Outcome MeasureSexual Satisfaction Scale, International Index of Erectile Function, and Measure of Sexual Consequences. Results17 specific consequences were reported with at least moderate frequency and were rated at least somewhat distressing. A factor analysis suggested 3 distinct categories of consequences: barrier to sex and pleasure, negative partner emotional responses, and impaired partner sexual function. These factors and the overall scale exhibited acceptable internal and test-retest reliability and each was significantly associated with multiple facets of sexual function and well-being. Frequency of sexual consequences significantly mediated the association between sexual function and well-being, with the strongest and most consistent indirect effects being found for the barrier to sex and pleasure factor. Clinical ImplicationsConsequences of impaired sexual function on one’s sexual experiences may be an important maintaining factor of sexual dysfunction and reduction in these consequences may represent a mechanism of action for psychological treatments. Strength and LimitationsStrengths included a relatively large sample with a diverse range of sexual function and well-being, as well as modern statistical analyses to assess factor structure and mediation effects. Limitations included the use of self-report scales with limited independent evidence of validity and reliability for use with male samples, as well as the cross-sectional methods that preclude strong conclusions regarding causal relationships. ConclusionSexual consequences represent potential maintaining factors of male sexual dysfunction and may represent key targets of cognitive behavioral treatments.Stephenson KR, Truong L, Shimazu L. Why is impaired sexual function distressing to men? Consequences of impaired male sexual function and their associations with sexual well-being. J Sex Med 2018;15:1336–1349.