Abstract
BackgroundMothers encouraging their children to control their weight is problematic as it is associated with children’s body dissatisfaction and weight concerns as well as further weight gain. The aim of this study was to identify factors in children and mothers associated with mothers encouraging their children to control their weight and possible gender differences therein.MethodsCross-sectional questionnaire data was available from 1658 mothers of primary school children (mean age 7.1 ±0.6 years, 50.4% boys) participating in the Baden-Württemberg Study. Children’s body weight and height were measured in a standardised manner. Logistic regressions were computed separately for boys and girls, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from the final model are reported.Results29% of children were encouraged by their mothers, girls (32.4%) significantly more often than boys (25.6%). Child BMI (girls OR 1.77, CI 1.57 to 1.99; boys OR 1.88, CI 1.66 to 2.13), and child migration background (girls OR 2.14, CI 1.45 to 3.16; boys OR 1.60, CI 1.07 to 2.37) were significantly associated with encouragement by mothers. For girls, maternal body dissatisfaction (OR 1.59, CI 1.10 to 2.30) and maternal perception of a low influence on health (OR 0.51, CI 0.29 to 0.89) were also significantly associated with maternal encouragement. For boys, this was true of mothers self-efficacy to influence their children’s physical activity (OR 0.58, CI 0.40 to 0.85).ConclusionDifferent factors are associated with mothers encouraging boys and girls to control their weight. Identifying correlates and underlying processes of maternal encouragement can inform preventive measures targeting weight and eating related problems in children.
Highlights
Mothers encouraging their children to control their weight is problematic as it is associated with children’s body dissatisfaction and weight concerns as well as further weight gain
Maternal encouragement Overall, 29% of the sample were encouraged by their mothers to control their weight, girls significantly more often than boys (32.4% vs. 25.6%, χ 2(1)=9.343, p=.002)
On the other hand, were encouraged less often to control their weight if their mothers report a high self-efficacy to ensure a sufficient level of physical activity in their sons, whereas for daughters this association remained in the final backward regression model but lost statistical significance
Summary
Mothers encouraging their children to control their weight is problematic as it is associated with children’s body dissatisfaction and weight concerns as well as further weight gain. Parents are considered to play an important role in shaping their children’s weight related behaviours and attitudes [1]. This is especially true for mothers who still carry most of the burden of child care. Research on body image and weight concerns in children and adolescents has shown, that parental encouragement to control weight and even just weight related comments are associated with weight concerns and disordered eating behaviour in children [6,7,8]
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