Abstract
People commit crimes. And people are crime's victims, directly in crimes of violence, indirectly when their property is taken or destroyed, more indirectly still when the property taken or destroyed belongs to their community or government or organization. Much modern criminological theory and research have accordingly attempted to understand individual patterns of criminality and victimization. What social, psychological, economic, cultural, and biological factors cause individuals to commit crimes? Why some and not others? What are the patterns of individual criminality, of individual "criminal careers"? When and why do people become criminally active? When and why do they desist? How many crimes do they commit, of what types? How can we identify high-rate offenders? How can the state, individuals, or organizations intervene in individuals' lives to prevent or curtail or deter or incapacitate involvement in crime? Why and where and when do individuals become victims of crime? Who become crime victims?
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