Abstract
Abstract Hart (1977) constructed a model to explain the rarity of biennials in the North American flora. However, Hart's model is inadequate, because: 1) biennials were not compared with annuals, 2) facultative biennials were not included, and 3) the range of general perennial life histories was not considered. Revision of Hart's model shows that strict and facultative biennials are rare, because they compete most successfully against annuals and general perennial life histories only in a narrow range of juvenile and adult survivorship values.
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