Why Anthropologists Study Human Remains

Abstract

One of the most controversial kinds of studies anthropologists undertake is that of the biological remains of Native Americans. The motivations of physical anthropologists to study human remains often seem unfathomable to some members of Native American communities, and our methods seem also to be misunderstood. We recognize the differences between the values and spiritual beliefs of Native Americans and those of other Americans, and we respect the right of all people to maintain their personal belief and ethical systems. We want to explain the reasons why some physical anthropologists value the study of human biology and history, and why we place so much importance on the study of human remains. We also want to explain what kinds of information can be gained from such studies, the methods used in them, and the impact of these on the remains being studied. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA, P.L. 101-601) calls for the repatriation of Native American remains whose cultural affiliation can be determined by a preponderance of evidence. Physical anthropologists are willing to comply with NAGPRA's terms, but the need remains for long-term study of some skeletal collections before repatriation.