Abstract
The extinction of the Siwalik anthracotheroides is a family level extinction. In order to point out the possible causes of this extinction the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia is compared in 848 teeth of 487 extinct animals belonging to 39 species of 7 Siwalik artiodactyle families. The stratigraphic range of the analyzed material is from early Miocene-Pleistocene. The results show that the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia is in highest percentage in anthracotheroides among the Siwalik artiodactyle families and occurrence of enamel hypoplasia is also high in the anthracotheroides throughout their stratigraphic range in the Siwalik region. The high occurrence of enamel hypoplasia means high level of ecological stress faced by an animal so the current enamel hypoplasia analysis results indicate that the anthracotheroides had faced the highest ecological stress among all the Siwalik artiodactyls. The cumulative effect to these unfavorable ecological conditions might be the cause to this family level extinction.
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