Abstract
BackgroundRecently, the management of musculoskeletal disorders with the patients' own stem cells, isolated from the walls of small blood vessels, which can be found in great numbers in the adipose tissue, has received considerable attention. On the other hand, there are still misconceptions about these adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) that contain vascular-associated pluripotent stem cells (vaPS cells) in regenerative medicine.MethodsBased on our previous publications on this topic, we have developed a concept to describe the significance of the ADRCs/vaPS cells in the field of orthobiologics as briefly as possible and at the same time as precisely as possible.ResultsThe ADRCs/vaPS cells belong to the group of orthobiologics that are based on autologous cells. Because the latter can both stimulate a patient’s body's localized self-healing power and provide new cells that can integrate into the host tissue during the healing response when the localized self-healing power is exhausted, this group of orthobiologics appears more advantageous than cell-free orthobiologics and orthobiologics that are based on allogeneic cells. Within the group of orthobiologics that are based on autologous cells, enzymatically isolated, uncultured ADRCs/vaPS cells have several advantages over non-enzymatically isolated cells/microfragmented fat as well as over uncultured bone marrow aspirate concentrate and cultured cells (adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells).ConclusionsThe use of ADRCs/vaPS cells can be seamlessly integrated into modern orthopedic treatment concepts, which can be understood as the optimization of a process which—albeit less efficiently—also takes place physiologically. Accordingly, this new safe and effective type of treatment is attractive in terms of holistic thinking and personalized medicine.
Highlights
The management of musculoskeletal disorders with the patients’ own stem cells, isolated from the walls of small blood vessels, which can be found in great numbers in the adipose tissue, has received considerable attention
Many lay people automatically think of embryonic stem cells when "stem cell therapy" is mentioned, Furia et al Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research (2022) 17:36 but in reality currently no clinical application exists for embryonic stem cells
All cell-free orthobiologics as well as all orthobiologics that are based on allogeneic cells can in principle only address the former, because differentiated cells derived from allogeneic stem cells are recognized by the immune system of the host organism and removed [48]
Summary
The management of musculoskeletal disorders with the patients’ own stem cells, isolated from the walls of small blood vessels, which can be found in great numbers in the adipose tissue, has received considerable attention. Maintenance and restoration of organ function is mostly achieved by local cells, including so-called tissue resident stem cells [4, 5]).
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