Abstract
After one year of pandemic SARS COV2, which started in December 2019, it is still considered a health disaster in all nations. Despite vaccination efforts, the number of infected people increased, also the number of SARS COV2 variants increased. Certain vaccinations are approved under Emergency Use Authorization, including those dependent on mRNA technology, like those developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna (FDA Emergency Use Authorization EUA), as well as those dependent on Adenovirus vectors, like those developed by AstraZeneca (covishield, AZD1222 vaccine. (ChAdOx1) (WHO permission) and Johnson and Johnson, (FDA suspended 13/4/2021 use FDA and CDC suggested the stop use of COVID-19 (Janssen & Janssen) vaccination when reviewing details of six U.S. case-rare and serious blood clot cases identified in vaccine-receiving individuals). The optimal vaccine will have a low sero prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against the viral vector and a low incidence of adverse events. The protection of non-human adenovirus vectors used in humans is a primary concern. Global efforts against covid-19 continue, and vaccine production has intensified. Adenoviral vector vaccines induce an acute immunogenic response that varies according to the immune status of the individuals injected. The excipient used in the vaccine injection can either increase or decrease the severity of this acute immune response. For example, polyethylene glycol can decrease IL-6 while polysorbate 80 or EDTA can increase severity. In comparison to Americans or Asians, Africans have neutralizing antibodies against the chimpanzee adenoviral vector, which can result in a less acute immunogenic response (less adverse effects). Thus, it is necessary to administer ChAdox1 nCov2 to African populations in order to avoid the vaccine's acute immunogenic impact in neutralizing antibodies existence (vaccine less effective). The question after discussing the acute immune response from adenovirus vectors (IL-6 is has a role) and Is adding polyethylene glycol to adenoviral vector vaccine lessen the vaccine adverse effects.
Highlights
After one year of pandemic SARS COV2, which started in December 2019, it is still considered a health disaster in all nations
Certain vaccinations are approved under Emergency Use Authorization, including those dependent on mRNA technology, like those developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna (FDA Emergency Use Authorization EUA), as well as those dependent on Adenovirus vectors, like those developed by AstraZeneca (covishield, AZD1222 vaccine. (ChAdOx1) (WHO permission) and Johnson and Johnson, (FDA suspended 13/4/2021 use FDA and CDC suggested the stop use of COVID-19 (Janssen & Janssen) vaccination when reviewing details of six U.S case-rare and serious blood clot cases identified in vaccinereceiving individuals)
Four vaccines have been designated in case of emergency, two of them were accepted by the FDA (PfizerBioNTech and Moderna), and one has been suspended by the FDA (Janssen and Janssen vaccine)
Summary
After one year of pandemic SARS COV2, which started in December 2019, it is still considered a health disaster in all nations. An extreme immune response to AdV vectors may have devastating consequences in humans, as demonstrated via a serious reason of systemic inflammatory response condition primarily due to the AdV transgenic vector delivered systemically [4] To decrease these immune responses, it has been proposed to eliminate the epitopes and liver tropism involved in viral protein recognition through antibody neutralization. Pegylation of Ad vectors is an important method of overcoming high Nabs titers without sacrificing biological activity This strategy results in decreased rates of Adspecific adaptive immune responses and prolongs transgene expression length, PEG is a synthetic linear polymer with a molecular weight of 200 - 40,000D. It is an extremely desirable compound for altering a variety of peptides or proteins due to its immunogenicity, low toxicity, and hydrophilicity. E2 gene transcripts stimulate the immune system [30]
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