Why a Holistic E-Development Framework?

Orientation: This systematic review investigates global strategies to enhance graduate employability and entrepreneurship, with a focus on developing a holistic support framework for South African universities of technology. Research purpose: The review addresses four research questions: the nature of support mechanisms, analytical methods employed, university strategies and contextual settings for employability and entrepreneurship initiatives. Motivation for the study: The study addresses high unemployment rates and limited entrepreneurial participation among graduates in African contexts, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to enhance employability and entrepreneurship in technology universities. Research design: The study adopts a systematic review design guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, analysing 53 empirical studies from 2019 to 2025, sourced from Scopus, EBSCOhost and ScienceDirect databases through thematic analysis using NVivo software. Approach and method: A qualitative approach is employed, using PRISMA-guided systematic review and thematic analysis in NVivo to synthesise data from 53 peer-reviewed studies. Main findings: The findings reveal disparities in institutional capacity and resource availability, particularly in African contexts, in which graduates face high unemployment and limited entrepreneurial participation. Practical/managerial implications: A proposed holistic support framework integrates curricular and extracurricular initiatives, interdepartmental collaboration and stakeholder engagement to address these gaps. Contribution/value-add: The study presents a framework that offers practical implementation strategies and addresses resource constraints and stakeholder resistance, providing a scalable and contextually responsive blueprint for enhancing graduate outcomes.

In recent years, culture has been addressed as a key component of integrated approaches to local development planning. In this context, it has been systematically combined with institutional and social aspects of local planning strategies and in support of local innovation/creativity systems. However, the articulation of these integrated approaches inhibits a wide typology of context-specific actions in European cities adopting different patterns of promoting culture as an innovative dimension of spatial planning. At the same time, recent discussion in the field suggests the adoption of more holistic frameworks that equally address the role of culture with differentiated aspects such as physical renewal, social relations and governance networks, hence recognising the integrated character of culture-driven interventions and explaining hindering development factors. The present paper aims to elaborate on the importance of such a holistic framework by testing its aspects in the context of the Piraeus Avenue area in Athens (Greece) and the (short-term and fragmented) emanating of developmental policies in support of the creativity and innovation that exist in this locality. The research focuses on the impact of cultural interventions in the Piraeus Avenue area in terms of the building of territorial efficiency, territorial quality, territorial identity and territorial capacity. In parallel, the research addresses the role of demographic and socio-economic parameters in this regard. To address these research aim issues, desktop research together with ten (10) semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders were conducted. Results indicate several positive impacts in the area mostly regarding spatial quality. However, in relation to territorial capacity building, a key finding is the need for activation towards building complementary uses and activities with other types of local stakeholders with accentuated decision-making powers. The research findings can serve to inform policy-making by identifying best practices and key challenges in the formulation of a holistic impact assessment framework towards culture-based spatial development planning in the European space.

The digital transformation of business models in the creative industries: A holistic framework and emerging trends

Since the late 1990s, various development efforts and research initiatives have been conducted by national research institutions and international development agencies for the economic development of the Northwest Highlands of Vietnam. A shift towards a research for development approach, which targets the immediate use of research outputs for development purposes, became apparent in the late 2000s. These agricultural research for development (AR4D) projects have adopted participatory processes in an attempt to better link the research with development. It is important to understand the contribution of these AR4D projects to rural development, not only in terms of knowing the extent of the impacts and their sustainability but also for informing appropriate agricultural policies and research for development strategies in the future. Despite the importance of knowing the impacts of AR4D, the impact assessment of agricultural research initiatives in the Northwest Highlands remains problematic in regard to both the objectives and methods. This study developed a holistic impact assessment framework for the Highlands and tested the proposed framework in order to validate its appropriateness and gain insights into how AR4D underpinned by participatory processes can contribute to better changes in people’s lives. The results of the application of this framework would also help to inform future development policies and effective AR4D interventions with a particular focus on a highly culturally diverse region. To achieve the overall objective, this study employed mixed methods largely based on qualitative data collection methods in combination with documentary research. The documentary research included a review of the literature on development theories and practices related to the impact assessment of AR4D projects. It also included an examination of secondary sources on the impact assessment approaches in agricultural research projects implemented by active research institutions and development agencies in the Northwest Highlands. The primary data was collected by primarily using qualitative methods such as focus group discussions (FGDs) with farmers, semi-structured interviews with farmers, and in-depth interviews with key informants including local leaders, agricultural extension staff and agricultural researchers who were actively involved in research projects in the Highlands. This was complemented by a limited amount of quantitative data derived from the interviews. The fieldwork was conducted in two districts of Son La province, covering the implementation sites of three agricultural research projects. The purposive sampling method was used for the selection of participants of both the FGDs and in-depth interviews. Three field trips to Son La were made, in December 2012, September 2013 and July 2014. The initial findings were reported back to the participants in order to elicit their feedback and validate the data. All the gathered primary data and information was recorded, reviewed and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis and interpretation of the research findings. This involved cleaning the quantitative and qualitative data, coding the data based on its themes or patterns, and carrying out analysis with the assistance of the latest SPSS software. The research results indicate that a conventional top-down approach with limited attention paid to the social complexity of the Northwest Highlands was used in most of the Vietnamese Government-funded and international agency-funded research projects. A short-term and economic focus was taken in the impact assessments of most research projects in the region. The impact assessment efforts aimed to measure direct research outputs, report scientific findings and analyse cost-effectiveness for donors and funding agencies rather than account for the sustainable livelihoods of the target communities. Weak mechanisms for sharing impact assessment results with and getting feedback from stakeholders was also identified as a major cause of a low level of contribution of impact findings to local livelihood development. These weaknesses also led to poor evidence on how the AR4D projects had contributed to – or rather, failed to deliver – sustainable impacts in the Northwest Highlands. The research findings indicate that the framework that includes the five key components: 1) types of agricultural research, ii) key groups of assessment indicators; 3) impact assessment strategies, 4) methods and tools used for impact assessment and 5) communicating results to stakeholders can help to measure fully impacts of AR4D. This proposed holistic impact assessment framework utilising the sustainable livelihoods framework and participatory methods can help to assess the contribution of participatory processes in AR4D projects to subsequent development outcomes in different social contexts. This impact assessment framework can be utilized not only for the Northwest Highlands of Vietnam but also for other countries and regions with similar levels of socio-economic and cultural diversity. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework as a lens for identifying multiple livelihood impacts provides a better understanding of the complexities involved in social change and development, while participatory techniques enhance the participation of the target stakeholders in the impact assessment processes. By applying the proposed impact assessment framework in three agricultural research projects in the Northwest Highlands, the study found that the AR4D project that had adopted participatory processes to conduct the research and facilitate the immediate use of research outputs for development achieved better social, human, economic and natural impacts for local communities than the other two projects. The findings suggest that the holistic framework would not work well if researchers lack good facilitation skills or a deep understanding of the local culture and power structures. They also indicate that researchers should pay attention to the flexible use and modification of the framework in order to adapt it to local contexts and to more comprehensively assess the impacts of AR4D in culturally diverse regions.

Problem. Some members of the Bethel Seventh-day Adventist Church have demonstrated tendencies towards extremes in their belief system accompanied by conflicts, attraction to fringe groups, and a lack of progress in evangelism and mission. There is a tendency to place strong emphasis on fragments of the Adventist message rather than the whole. Anecdotal evidence and biblical principles suggest that this fragmented theology leads to an imbalance in understanding of gospel principles, and the noted problems are a corollary of this (Knight, 2008). Thinking affects being (Prov 23:7). Methodology. A holistic framework for ministry was developed based on the template of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral where Scripture is the source of theology while tradition, reason and experience are resources that confirm scripture. The framework was informed by Ellen White and Adventist theologians under the blaze of Reformation theology. Chapter 1 is a general introduction of the project. The root problem is identified as theological fragmentation while the problems of conflicts, attraction to fringe groups, and lack of growth are the symptoms. The topics addressed are introduction, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, justification of the study, definitions, delimitation, limitations, and methodology. In chapter 2 a general theological reflection is developed accompanied by Ellen White’s reflection on the components of the holistic framework: scripture, tradition, reason, and experience. In chapter 3 there is a literature review in which current evangelical theology is presented as it impacts the holistic framework. The Wesleyan Quadrilateral and its development through the Anglican tradition is analyzed through Wesley’s writings and the views of Wesleyan scholars. Adventist theologians is also be analyzed pertaining to the components of the Quadrilateral. In chapter 4 the Bethel context is presented with its challenges. The pastor’s biography presents the faith, experience and skills brought to Bethel especially in relation to the Holistic Framework. Paul Hiebert’s anthropological model of mission and its relation to the holistic framework for leadership is presented as it will guide the pastor in his participant-observer approach to Bethel. In chapter 5 the implementation of the holistic framework for leadership is described as it impacts preaching, teaching, administration, mission and leadership. In chapter 6 the summary and evaluation of the project is made. A seminar based on the holistic framework and evaluation surveys are described. Conclusions both positive and negative are drawn. Recommendations for future development and application of the framework are made. Result. Bethel became a healthy place relationally. While people still have differences, they have learned to bear with each other. The church has assumed a new role as the center of mission in a large territory involving two church plants and other benevolent work. It gives support to the rest of the district generously. The possibility of planting other churches is quite feasible given its large territory. Parkdale is now the only church in the downtown area of the western half of Toronto. The Perth Avenue Church, which has been the flagship of Seventh-day Adventism in that area since the 1970s, has now moved out of that vicinity. It is no doubt providential that the Parkdale Church now exists. Bethel has grown theologically. A multitude of issues and problems disappeared. Improvements in all sectors of ministry have taken place. Theological fragmentation has decreased. Those who were consistently involved in prayer meeting, Bible class, health ministry and church planting have shown maturity in greater ways than the larger population There is a clearer sense of the Adventist identity and the Adventist place within Christianity. Some cultural impediments to theology have eased, as members are thinking scripturally rather than culturally where principles are concerned. The business side of the church has been placed on a sound foundation. My experience at Bethel has been involved and special. Creating the changes demanded presence physically, mentally and otherwise. The church has recognized that our time together has been very special and that God had truly blessed. A foundation is set on which to build a better future. Leadership development has been significant at all levels. Two couples have developed in pastoral leadership. They gained experience in preaching, teaching, and administration. Young people studying to be pastors received opportunity to practice and develop at Bethel, and have moved on successfully to pastoral ministry. Youth have been involved in church planting and development in the areas of preaching, teaching, and church administration. They are engaged in mission at a creative level, studying and analyzing how to advance church ministry. The mother church—Bethel—strengthened in all ministries. New ministries like the seniors ministry were developed. Yearly evangelistic series and revivals produced baptisms continuously. Baptisms varied from a low of five per year to a high of 22. Meanwhile the Parkdale Church grew by about 40 new members in the duration of my ministry. The AIM group grew to about 20 people in attendance and its programs attract many non-Adventists. Conclusion. Adventists need to disciple converts to the church. Pastors can use the Holistic Framework for personal and leadership development, and congregational development. The accomplishments at Bethel can be largely credited to the facilitation of the Holistic Framework in leadership. The weak point of the process at this seminal stage was the extent to which the members adopted the process of the framework individually. Work at Bethel was more pastor-dependent than was desirable. This is not the best-case scenario for the long term. Some congregations may be more ready to adopt the framework than others may. However there was advancement in getting members to think and work theologically. An outstanding part of the project at Bethel was the education that came through prayer meetings, Bible classes and diverse ministries. The power of Ellen White’s conflict series and The Ministry of Healing were evidenced in these classes. The impact was both expressed and seen. Believers became familiar with resources they can use independently to understand scripture and to motivate theological pursuits. This strategy was fitting for a congregation that respects Ellen White’s role as messenger in the Adventist Church. Many witnessed to the blessings received through the books and passed on copies to others. Creative simplification, a hallmark of Wesley, is necessary for each context. The utilization of the gifts and resources resident in the local church as well as the Adventist church in general is a godly responsibility. Often Adventists gravitate towards new and popular resources, which lack the spiritual power of our established resources. Getting people to study independently and reflect theologically will do far more to enhance their development than remaining dependent on pastors, teachers and experts. Taking responsibility for personal development is crucial to fulfill the priesthood of all believers. Since the components of the Holistic Framework are present in Ellen White’s writings, the pastor can use them to impart this theological process to his students.

Data Centres serve as the foundation for digital technologies in the energy sector, enabling advanced analytics, optimization, and automation. However, their rapid growth can exert a substantial influence on the environment due to their energy consumption, water utilization, and production of electronic waste. This research begins with an energy overview of the setup and operations of data centres, highlighting their key components and infrastructure, and emphasizing their crucial role in managing energy resources and driving the energy sector’s digital technologies. Building upon this understanding, a holistic framework is proposed to tackle energy sustainability concerns in data centres, with a focus on energy-related aspects. The framework places emphasis on three primary sustainability metrics, namely energy efficiency, water consumption, and waste management. It underscores the significance of green building design principles and energy-efficient equipment as crucial constituents of sustainable data centre infrastructure. The framework delineates optimal energy operational best practices encompassing virtualization and consolidation, effective cooling tactics, and energy management and monitoring, all aimed at reducing energy consumption and enhancing energy performance. Furthermore, the framework emphasizes the significance of incorporating energy-related sustainability metrics into decision-making procedures and adhering to regulatory standards for energy efficiency. Through adherence to this framework, data centres’ environmental impact can be mitigated and a positive contribution towards a sustainable future can be made, particularly in the realm of energy conservation and optimization.

It is a mission of this contribution to recognize and synthesize all the efforts in industry and in management science to strengthen our techniques and tools for successfully solving increasingly complex leadership problems in manufacturing industries. With the high standard of the work sharing method--the so called Taylorism principle--for cost efficient and mass production, invented at the beginning of the 20th century and the opening of the world market for global sales of goods and services a gigantic progress in living standards was reached. But at the beginning of the 21st century we are needing new ideas and methods for the guidance of overcoming increasing complexity. The holistic eigensolution presents a new operational framework for viewing and controlling the behavior of businesses. In contrast to the traditional process for viewing complex business systems through the intricate analysis of every part of that system, the authors have employed a technique used by physicists to understand the characteristic of `eigen' behaviors of complex physical systems. This method of systems analysis is achieved by observing interactions between the parts in a whole. This kind of analysis has a rigorous mathematical foundation in the physical world and it can be employed to understand most natural phenomena. Within a holistic framework, the observer is challenged to view the system form just the right perspective so that characteristic eigenmodes reveal themselves. The conclusion of the article describes why exactly the intelligent manufacturing science--especially in a broader sense--has the responsibility and chance to develop the holistic eigensolution framework as a Taylorism II-principle for the 21st century.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Knowledge Management (KM) has the real staying power and the potential to become the significant and permanent part of management's tool box. However, many organizations failed to realize the potential of marrying Information & Communications Technology (ICT) and KM theory to build Knowledge Management System (KMS). To meet the benefits from KM to expectations and reach KMS to its real potential, it is seriously needed to establish the evaluation and measurement framework for KMS. Based on metrics identified in literature, this paper proposes a holistic evaluation framework and a evaluation matrix, which provide a road map to KM evaluation in organization, and are applicable to plan the assessment of KM and systems holistically and effectively in organization.

here is a growing need for systematic evaluations of computer-supported collaborative learning environments. The present chapter focuses on the evaluation of the learning effectiveness of the interactions that take place in computer-supported problem solving environments. This chapter emphasizes the need for supporting evaluators of such environments with holistic evaluation conceptual frameworks and tools that can facilitate the analysis of data gathered during the evaluation process. We discuss in detail such a holistic framework which has been tested through a primary education case-study.

Recent discussions by leading scholars in interdisciplinary fields, notably cultural studies, suggest the limitations of critique for producing intelligent practices for social change and have called for thinking anew about the practices of intellectual labor. In this essay, I call attention to research methodology as a form of intellectual labor and examine the importance of explicit methodological and critical research practices in interdisciplinary fields such as ethnic studies. I suggest that method in ethnic studies, currently an admixture of conventions from disciplines adapted for interdisciplinary research, would be strengthened with a more holistic methodological framework. I explore the potential for a more holistic framework by drawing on the philosophical underpinnings, and not simply the technique, of participatory action research (PAR). I examine the pragmatist origins of PAR and explore the potential for drawing on three methodological precepts—iteration, collaboration, and reflections—which are highly resonant with ethnic studies scholars’ desired aims at transformative scholarship.

The ways that researchers define and categorize maltreatment experiences determine both the priorities and scope of scholarly work in the field. In this chapter we review extant literature on maltreatment experiences and consider the benefits and limitations of the current focus on discrete types of maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect). We then offer suggestions for moving prevention efforts beyond the focus on individual maltreatment experiences to more broadly address the complex nature of early adversity. We consider the need for research identifying the meaningful ways in which maltreatment experiences overlap and suggest promising research methodology. We further suggest that the field would benefit from a more holistic preventative framework anchored by a public health model of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

Hardware obfuscation is a prominent design-for-trust solution that thwarts intellectual property (IP) piracy and reverse-engineering of integrated circuits (ICs). Researchers have proposed several large-scale obfuscation techniques that achieve high output corruption—thus offering resilience against seminal attacks along with acceptable power, performance, and area overheads. However, the research community has primarily evaluated hardware obfuscation on relatively small scales of obfuscation (i.e., a fixed number of obfuscated components). Moreover, prior art caters toward specific schemes based either on gate obfuscation or interconnect obfuscation, i.e., two prominent types of hardware obfuscation. The former shortcoming suggests focusing on large-scale obfuscation schemes, and the latter suggests the need for a holistic assessment framework. In this work, we propose Titan, a holistic framework considering large-scale gate and interconnect obfuscation schemes. More specifically, we propose a graph neural network (GNN)-based attack framework that is trained to exploit structural and functional properties of any secured circuit to recover its obfuscated components. We evaluate Titan on various obfuscation schemes, considering selected ITC-99 benchmarks with up to 50% obfuscation scale, i.e., up to 21,326 obfuscated components. We observe a substantial information leakage through structural and functional properties of secured designs even for large-scale obfuscation. We quantify the information leakage in two ways: first, an average reduction of Hamming distance (HD, a well-established metric for attack evaluation) by 23.27 and 16.19 percentage points over the baseline of random guessing for gate and interconnect obfuscation, respectively; second, an average recovery of 63.40% and 77.94% of obfuscated components for gate and interconnect obfuscation, respectively. Importantly, these results are superior to six state-of-the-art attacks. We will open-source our framework and associated artifacts to enable reproducibility and foster future work.

In this chapter, we discuss how innovation is accomplished in the real world through several examples and the rational for a new five-dimensional holistic framework for innovation is presented. Factors affecting innovation, exogenous and endogenous, are presented. Endogenous factors that the corporation has better control over are discussed at length, leading the discussion to the new framework for innovation. Their understanding is further strengthened through a set of case studies of successful global corporations, such as Timberland, Samsung, and Sun Pharmaceuticals, where the students can apply and practice the holistic framework either in individual or group settings. As a subset of the holistic innovation framework, a leadership framework for innovation is discussed and the Amazon case is presented to reinforce the learning.

Purpose In response to the world’s rising awareness on sustainability, industry players and policymakers are devoting great efforts to bolster green building developments. Every green building project (GBP) involves numerous stakeholders and potentially incompatible concerns. Despite the associated environmental, economic and social benefits, GBP developments have often confronted managerial barriers which are actually emerged from stakeholders – the actual key determinants of a project. Holistically analyzing the complexity of stakeholders in GBPs is, therefore, crucial to improving GBP management and achieving greater sustainability for all involved. The purpose of this paper is to analyze stakeholder complexity in large GBPs using a holistic framework which integrates both empirical and rationalistic analytical perspectives. Design/methodology/approach The complexity of stakeholders in GBPs can be considered from three aspects – identifying stakeholders, assessing stakeholder interactions and analyzing stakeholder concerns. The proposed stakeholder analysis framework uses both empirical methods (e.g. interviews and surveys) and rationalistic methods (e.g. chain referral sampling and social network analysis) to analyze GBP stakeholder complexity. Case study of a lab-enabled commercial GBP in Hong Kong was undertaken to illustrate the framework. Findings The framework enables a holistic, objective and effective stakeholder analysis; leading GBP leaders toward a complete understanding of project stakeholder complexity. The case study findings bring managerial insights to GBP leaders on the general SNA-related stakeholder dynamics and the important stakeholder concerns, of large Hong Kong GBPs. The findings diagnose general connectivity structures of GBP stakeholders, identify influential and peripheral actors in GBP information exchange, and suggest clues to improve their dynamics. In addition, ten key stakeholder concerns were identified, including comprehensive governmental standards and procedures, clear sustainability goals at the outset, effective stakeholder engagement, adequate design flexibility, and a “can-do” attitude of contractors and consultants – which are all vital for successful GBP development. The underlying reasons of these concerns and recommendations to addressing them were also discussed. Originality/value Many existing GBP stakeholder studies appear to use a single analytical perspective to assess project stakeholder complexity, but this may not gain a full understanding. The holistic stakeholder analysis framework used herein combines empiricism and rationalism. It helps to bring GBP leaders and implementers toward a more informed project decision making, a more thorough understanding of stakeholder complexity, as well as a more effective engagement of stakeholders.

Policing in the twenty-first century is a potpourri of sectors, levels, systems, and models that co-exist in a whirlpool of continual interaction. Policing and law enforcement is stretched and fragmented beyond its usual territorial boundaries into a global context that has transformed the way policing business is done and will be done in the future. Local policing is now global policing and the management of police knowledge requires a holistic global framework. This chapter provides the conceptual underpinnings for such a holistic frame- work that incorporates the complexities and diversity of policing sectors, levels, and systems as well as its predominant models of practice in carrying out the business of policing in a global context.