Abstract
An urban agriculture park (UAP) is a mixture of various kinds of urban agriculture and has a group of administrators to plan and manage its landscapes. Thus, the relationships between users and the ability of the UAPs to provide services are crucial. This study investigated the user profiles of three kinds of UAPs in Beijing, China. Investigation of 345 interviewees suggested that most of the users have an upper-middle level income and are well educated. Social connections vary across different types of UAPs. An assessment matrix of landscape services was introduced for a pioneer of UAP, Little Donkey Farm, based on questionnaires, a field survey, and indicators of landscape patterns. Pearson correlations between service demands and users’ characters showed age, companions, and education level were significantly correlated to the needs of scenery and education services. The landscape with the highest supply value was the vegetable plots planted by members. The scenery service was not adequately supplied, and 31.5% of the areas did not meet the demand. Based on the budgets of supply and demand, six types of landscape should be optimized. This study provides an approach to understand the path of landscape service provision in UAP and supports basic knowledge on how to better involve urban agriculture in sustainable development.
Highlights
Due to their multiple benefits to cities, urban agriculture (UA) and periurban agriculture meet the goals of the UN’s 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs): no poverty; zero hunger; sustainable cities and communities, and life on land in Goals [1,2,3], and especially urban sustainability [4]
The average area of small multifunction urban agriculture park (UAP) was 10.99 ha, and most of them were located in periurban areas and rural areas (Figure 2)
There were no significant differences in income, education, and age between the users in different types of UAPs
Summary
Due to their multiple benefits to cities, urban agriculture (UA) and periurban agriculture meet the goals of the UN’s 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs): no poverty; zero hunger; sustainable cities and communities, and life on land in Goals [1,2,3], and especially urban sustainability [4]. One typical type of UA is an urban agriculture park (UAP). Urban agricultural areas have faced the threat of rapid urbanization, and some cities ignored them or converted them to real estate [3]. UA, in an edible city framework, contributes to food security, poverty alleviation, and other societal challenges [2,7,8]. Further assessment on different kinds of UA are needed to provide evidence for practice
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