Abstract
The interaction between electricity and heat systems will play an important role in facilitating the cost effective transition to a low carbon energy system with high penetration of renewable generation. This paper presents a novel integrated electricity and heat system model in which, for the first time, operation and investment timescales are considered while covering both the local district and national level infrastructures. This model is applied to optimize decarbonization strategies of the U.K. integrated electricity and heat system, while quantifying the benefits of the interactions across the whole multi-energy system and revealing the trade-offs between portfolios of: 1) low carbon generation technologies (renewable energy, nuclear, and CCS) and 2) district heating systems based on heat networks and distributed heating based on end-use heating technologies. Overall, the proposed modeling demonstrates that the integration of the heat and electricity system (when compared with the decoupled approach) can bring significant benefits by increasing the investment in the heating infrastructure in order to enhance the system flexibility that in turn can deliver larger cost savings in the electricity system, thus meeting the carbon target at a lower whole-system cost.
Highlights
H EATING accounts for approximately half of the total energy consumption and is responsible for over 25% of carbon emissions in the U.K
These operation cost categories are modeled based on the piecewise linear approximation approach proposed in [29]; Gas boilers serve as supplementary heating devices that are used to reduce the capacity of electrification-based heating plants/appliances (e.g., combined heat and power (CHP) and heat pump (HP)) and electricity infrastructure reinforcement
£3.54bn and £4.12bn larger under 100g/kWh and 50g/kWh respectively when compared with decoupled scenarios, due to the higher capital cost associated with district heating infrastructure
Summary
H EATING accounts for approximately half of the total energy consumption and is responsible for over 25% of carbon emissions in the U.K. The impact of reduced system inertia on the frequency response requirements is explicitly modeled while security constraints and carbon emission targets are included in the proposed framework This approach is applied to optimize the decarbonization strategy of the combined electricity and heat system, selecting the cost effective portfolio of heating technologies, including HNs (supplied by CHP plants, industrial size HPs, gas boilers as well as TES), and consumer end hybrid HP-Bs. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes, for the first time, the investment in electricity generation (including conventional and low carbon generation), heating plants/appliances, HNs, reinforcement of electricity transmission and distribution networks while considering system operation cost and taking into account frequency regulation and operating reserve requirements. 2) Quantifying the benefits of the integrated planning of electricity and heat systems and demonstrating the impact on the technology mixes in both electricity and heat sectors
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