Abstract
BackgroundThe effects of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese and overweight adults is not well established. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically scanned for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and studies were selected based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of whole grain food consumption in reducing body weight. The secondary outcomes were the effect of whole grain food consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin resistance index, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and waist circumference in obese/overweight adults.ResultsOur results showed that whole grain consumption was associated with lower body weight (mean difference (MD) = − 0.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [− 0.74, 0.25], I2 = 35%, P < 0.0001) and lower CRP (MD = -0.36, 95% CI [− 0.54, − 0.18], I2 = 69%, P < 0.0001), compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences in LDL-C (MD = -0.08, 95% CI [− 0.16, 0.00], I2 = 27%, P = 0.05), waist circumference (MD = -0.12, 95% CI [− 0.92, 0.68], I2 = 44%, P = 0.76), systolic blood pressure (MD = -0.11, 95% CI [− 1.55, 1.33], I2 = 3%, P = 0.88), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -0.44, 95% CI [− 1.44, 0.57], I2 = 15%, P = 0.39), and fasting glucose (MD = -0.05, 95% CI [− 0.12, 0.01], I2 = 31%, P = 0.11) between the two groups.ConclusionThis study suggests that whole grain food consumption can slightly reduce body weight and CRP in obese/overweight population.
Highlights
The effects of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese and overweight adults is not well established
Our results showed that whole grain consumption was associated with lower body weight (mean difference (MD) = − 0.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [− 0.74, 0.25], I2 = 35%, P < 0.0001) and lower C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD = -0.36, 95% CI [− 0.54, − 0.18], I2 = 69%, P < 0.0001), compared with the control group
There were no significant differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD = -0.08, 95% CI [− 0.16, 0.00], I2 = 27%, P = 0.05), waist circumference (MD = -0.12, 95% CI [− 0.92, 0.68], I2 = 44%, P = 0.76), systolic blood pressure (MD = -0.11, 95% CI [− 1.55, 1.33], I2 = 3%, P = 0.88), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -0.44, 95% CI [− 1.44, 0.57], I2 = 15%, P = 0.39), and fasting glucose (MD = -0.05, 95% CI [− 0.12, 0.01], I2 = 31%, P = 0.11) between the two groups
Summary
The effects of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese and overweight adults is not well established. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults. Overweight and obesity are global health problems, their scope and severity are growing [2], and there is a high demand for a global health care system to Observational studies have shown that increased consumption of whole grain foods was associated with lower incidence of metabolic syndrome [3] and lower mortality rates from CVD [4,5,6,7]. We aimed in this study to evaluate the impact of whole grain food consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese patients through the meta-analysis of related randomized controlled trials
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