Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily constitutes one of the largest protein families known in plants. In this report, we performed a complete inventory of ABC protein genes in Vitis vinifera, the whole genome of which has been sequenced. By comparison with ABC protein members of Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified 135 putative ABC proteins with 1 or 2 NBDs in V. vinifera. Of these, 120 encode intrinsic membrane proteins, and 15 encode proteins missing TMDs. V. vinifera ABC proteins can be divided into 13 subfamilies with 79 “full-size,” 41 “half-size,” and 15 “soluble” putative ABC proteins. The main feature of the Vitis ABC superfamily is the presence of 2 large subfamilies, ABCG (pleiotropic drug resistance and white-brown complex homolog) and ABCC (multidrug resistance-associated protein). We identified orthologs of V. vinifera putative ABC transporters in different species. This work represents the first complete inventory of ABC transporters in V. vinifera. The identification of Vitis ABC transporters and their comparative analysis with the Arabidopsis counterparts revealed a strong conservation between the 2 species. This inventory could help elucidate the biological and physiological functions of these transporters in V. vinifera.
Highlights
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein family is one of the largest and most diverse protein families in plants
The sequences of polypeptides corresponding to V. vinifera ABC transporters were analyzed in the Conserved Domain Database (CDD) at NCBI and PROSITE for the presence of ABC signature motifs [36,37]
We identified 20 expressed sequence tag (EST) corresponding to Vitis ABC two homologs (ATH) subfamily members in various tissues (Table S4)
Summary
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein family is one of the largest and most diverse protein families in plants. The amino acid sequences of all Arabidopsis ABCB (TAP) proteins and those of Vitis vinifera were aligned using the MUSCLE program and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the distance with neighborjoining method using MEGA5 programme. The ATH subfamily, which has 4 members in the Vitis genome, is the half-size transporter category with 723–958 amino acid residues (Table S1, Fig. 2), whereas the Arabidopsis genome contains 11 ORFs. VvABCA2 and VvABCA3 are located on chromosome 17 and share 23% similarity.
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