Abstract
The present study describes three putative novel species received at the French National Reference Center for Campylobacters & Helicobacters (CNRCH). The CNRCH 2005/566H strain was isolated in 2005 from the feces of a patient with a hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroenteritis. Strain 48519 was isolated in 2017 from the blood of a male patient suffering from a bacteremia. Strain Cn23e was isolated from a gastric biopsy from a dog suffering from chronic gastritis. Biochemical and growth characteristics and electron microscopy for these three strains were studied. Their genomes were also sequenced. gyrA based phylogeny built with 72 nucleotide sequences placed CNRCH 2005/566H among the unsheathed enterohepatic helicobacters, close to Helicobacter valdiviensis; strain 48519 among the sheathed enterohepatic helicobacters, close to Helicobacter cinaedi; and strain Cn23e among gastric helicobacters, close to Helicobacter felis. 16S rRNA gene phylogeny showed similar results, but with weak discriminant strength. Average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization analyses revealed that CNRCH 2005/566H and 48519 strains belong to new putative species, but confirmed that Cn23e corresponds to H. felis. Cn23e was able to infect C57BL6 mice and to induce gastric inflammation. The genomics data, together with their different morphological and biochemical characteristics, revealed that these two strains represent novel Helicobacter species. We propose the following names: ‘Helicobacter burdigaliensis,’ with the type strain CNRCH 2005/566H ( =CECT 8850 =CIP 111660), and ‘Helicobacter labetoulli,’ with the type strain 48519 ( =CCUG 73475 =CIP 1111659). This study highlights that the diversity of the Helicobacteraceae family remains to be fully explored.
Highlights
To date, the Helicobacter genus is comprised of 41 validated species1
The strain Center for Campylobacters & Helicobacters (CNRCH) 2005/566H has been assigned to the Collection de l’Institut Pasteur (CIP) and the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT) under the identification numbers 11160 and 8850, respectively
The strain 48519 has been assigned to the CIP and Culture Collection of Gothenburg University (CCUG) under the identification numbers 111659 and 73475, respectively
Summary
The type species for the Helicobacter genus is Helicobacter pylori, well-known for its link with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer in humans (Malfertheiner et al, 2017). This species was the first to be described for this genus, by Marshall and Warren (1984). Species belonging to the Helicobacter genus are curved, spiral or fusiform rods with size ranging from 1.5 to 10 μm long and 0.2 to 1.2 μm wide. When cultured for too long, they often become coccoidal. They are non-spore-forming and Gram negative and show flagellar activity (On et al, 2015)
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