Whole Genome Sequencing and Annotation of Naematelia aurantialba (Basidiomycota, Edible-Medicinal Fungi).

Tao Sun,Yibin Qiu,Sha Li,Kai Yang,Rui Wang,Dafeng Sun,Shiyu Wang,Hao Jiang,Hong Xu,Yixuan Zhang,Peng Lei

doi:10.3390/jof8010006

Abstract

Naematelia aurantialba is a rare edible fungus with both nutritional and medicinal values and especially rich in bioactive polysaccharides. However, due to the lack of genomic information, researches on the mining of active compounds, artificial breeding and cultivation, genetics, and molecular biology are limited. To facilitate the medicinal and food applications of N. aurantialba, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of N. aurantialba for the first time. The 21-Mb genome contained 15 contigs, and a total of 5860 protein-coding genes were predicted. The genome sequence shows that 296 genes are related to polysaccharide synthesis, including 15 genes related to nucleoside-activated sugar synthesis and 11 genes related to glucan synthesis. The genome also contains genes and gene clusters for the synthesis of other active substances, including terpenoids, unsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive proteins. In addition, it was also found that N. aurantialba was more closely related to Naematelia encephala than to Tremella fuciformis. In short, this study provides a reference for molecular cognition of N. aurantialba and related researches.

Highlights

Mushrooms are widely distributed food and medicine resource on Earth and have excellent nutritional and medicinal value [1,2]
We identified 55,120 pan genes in the nine analyzed strains containing 224 conserved genes and 54,896 other genes (Figure 3B), wherein A. heimuer had the most species-specific genes (n = 10,899), followed by S. hirsutum (n = 9828), G. lucidum (n = 8073), H. erinaceus (n = 6132), NX-20 (n = 2317), T. fuciformis (n = 4074), N. encephala (n = 3423), and T. mesenterica (n = 2079 and 2250)
Genome sequencing and functional annotation provide valuable information for determining the potential function and gene expression mechanism, which can be used to provide a theoretical basis for N. aurantialba breeding, high-yield cultivation, and the construction of molecular biology platforms

Summary

Introduction

Mushrooms are widely distributed food and medicine resource on Earth and have excellent nutritional and medicinal value [1,2]. Known as Jin’er, an edible and medicinal fungus distributed in China, is widely popular because of its unique flavor and high nutritional value in its fruiting bodies [4]. Previous studies have reported that the main medicinal functions of N. aurantialba include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects, for which polysaccharides, active proteins, and terpenoids are responsible [5,6,7,8,9]. Polysaccharides are recognized as one of the most active compounds in N. aurantialba, which has a total carbohydrate content of 74.11%, including a 40% content of water-soluble polysaccharides [7]. The fruiting body of N. aurantialba grows on rotten wood, which has the ability to degrade lignocellulose because it is rich in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) [11,12]. It is possible that N. aurantialba has these degrading

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