Abstract
Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, an ancient fish, has great economic and nutritional value as a source of caviar. Although significant differences exist in the female reproductive capacity under artificial breeding conditions, genome-wide adaptations to domesticated female reproductive capacity have never been investigated. In this study, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 35 and 37 individuals from high-fecundity (H) and low-fecundity (L) populations, respectively, with an average sequencing depth of about 10×, resulting in approximately 32.57 million high-quality SNPs for each individual. Weir and Cockerham's FST combined with cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) identified a total of 1268 (56.6 Mb) candidate selection regions, containing 1279 genes. Further GO terms and KEGG pathways functional annotation suggested that 11 genes (TLR4, AKT3, BMPR1B, GDF7, IGF1R, HDAC7, HDAC9, MAP2K4, MAP2K7, PLCB4 and TGFBR2) were essential for caviar yield trait. In general, these candidate genes related to caviar yield identified in this study could contribute to understanding the genetic mechanism of caviar yield of Russian sturgeon and will also be of great significance for genome-assisted breeding of the sturgeons in the future.
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