Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD) that bring about significant economic losses in the pig industry all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of PCV2 in Russia and characterize the available complete genome sequences. PCV2 DNA was detected at all investigated farms located in different regions of Russia. Whole-genome analysis demonstrated that the majority of PCV2 strains belonged to genotype PCV2d (12 out of 14), while PCV2a and PCV2b were only detected at 2 farms (one at each). Further analysis revealed that all antibody recognition sites in Russian PCV2 strains were different from the corresponding epitopes in a PCV2a vaccine strain, suggesting that PCV2a-based vaccines may only provide limited protection against these strains. PCV2d strains could be grouped into 3 distinct lines which shared 98.7–100% identity within open reading frame 2 (ORF2). It is the first study reporting the genetic diversity of PCV2 strains in Russia. Our data indicated that, similarly to China, Europe, and USA, PCV2a and PCV2b have largely been replaced by PCV2d.
Highlights
Pathogens 2021, 10, 1631. https://Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to genus Circovirus in the Circoviridae family.Over 100 species are classified into Circoviridae, known to be one of the largest viral families.Members of this family have ssDNA genomes and demonstrate a relatively high mutation rate of 10−3 –10−4 substitution/site/year
PCV2 DNA was found at all 13 surveyed farms
PCV2 is widely distributed in Despite the presence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-reindicating that PCV2 is widely distributed in Russia
Summary
Pathogens 2021, 10, 1631. https://Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to genus Circovirus in the Circoviridae family.Over 100 species are classified into Circoviridae, known to be one of the largest viral families.Members of this family have ssDNA genomes and demonstrate a relatively high mutation rate of 10−3 –10−4 substitution/site/year. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to genus Circovirus in the Circoviridae family. Over 100 species are classified into Circoviridae, known to be one of the largest viral families. Members of this family have ssDNA genomes and demonstrate a relatively high mutation rate of 10−3 –10−4 substitution/site/year. Along with PCV2, genus Circovirus includes three other porcine circoviruses: PCV1, PCV3 and PCV4. While PCV1 is nonpathogenic, pathogenicity of PCV3 and PCV4 remains to be evaluated [1,2]. Since the first diagnostic tool for PCV2 detection was created in the mid-1990s, several pathological conditions associated with PCV2 have been described, such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), reproductive failure and proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia [3]
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