Abstract
Background: The emergence and diffusion of strains of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics constitutes a real public health challenge. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be carried by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, including commensal bacteria from the human microbiota, which require special monitoring in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Methods: We analyzed the proteomes of 335 new bacterial species from human microbiota to estimate its whole range of ARGs using the BLAST program against ARGs reference databases. Results: We found 278 bacteria that harbor a total of 883 potential ARGs with the following distribution: 264 macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin, 195 aminoglycosides, 156 tetracyclines, 58 β-lactamases, 58 fosfomycin, 51 glycopeptides, 36 nitroimidazoles, 33 phenicols and 32 rifamycin. Furthermore, evolutionary analyses revealed the potential horizontal transfer with pathogenic bacteria involving mobile genetic elements such as transposase and plasmid. We identified many ARGs that may represent new variants in fosfomycin and β-lactams resistance. Conclusion: These findings show that new bacterial species from human microbiota should be considered as an important reservoir of ARGs that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. In vitro analyses of their phenotypic potential are required to improve our understanding of the functional role of this bacterial community in the development of antibiotic resistance.
Highlights
IntroductionThe overall effectiveness of antibiotics is often compromised by the development of tolerance or resistance to these products [2]
The most prevalent encoding for MLS, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams and fosfomycin, which is in agreement with the results reported in various studies on the human gut https://resistomap.datalaboratory.ru/ accessed May 2021, knowing that 77% of our studied bacteria were isolated from the gut [34,35]
The most prevalent Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were encoding for MLS, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams and fosfomycin, which is in agreement with the results reported in various studies on the human gut https://resistomap.datalaboratory.ru/
Summary
The overall effectiveness of antibiotics is often compromised by the development of tolerance or resistance to these products [2]. The evolution of antibiotic resistance is complex, it frequently involves the occurrence and proliferation of gene mutations that confer resistance to one or many antibiotics [3]. The abuse and misuse of antibiotics have contributed to the more or less rapid appearance of antibiotic- resistant strains among medically important bacterial pathogens. The emergence and diffusion of strains of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics constitutes a real public health challenge. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be carried by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, including commensal bacteria from the human microbiota, which require special monitoring in the fight against antimicrobial resistance
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