Abstract
Kidney stones affect about 10% of the population in the United States, and prevalence is increasing.1 Although kidney stones are more common in men, prevalence in women is growing at a faster rate. Kidney stones cause severe renal colic and significantly impact quality of life.2 In addition, kidney stones are one of the most costly urologic conditions, as health care costs exceed $10 billion each year.3 They are associated with an increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, reduced kidney function, and reduced bone density.
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