Abstract
There is a worsening epidemic of obesity and diabetes in the world. Life style interventions including dietary changes and increase in exercise can improve glucose metabolism and health in general. However, standard exercise programs are strenuous, time-consuming, and thus have low long-term compliance issues. We tested the feasibility of using high frequency, low amplitude whole body vibration (WBV) therapy to improve glucose metabolism in young type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice. We also aimed to investigate the postulated anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties of WBV. Male db/db and db/m mice were exposed to high frequency, low-amplitude WBV. Outcome parameters comprised of body weight, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, as well as interleukin (IL)-17 (a marker of helper T cells), forkhead box P3 (Foxp3; a marker of regulatory T cells), and gammaH2AX (an index of DNA injury) expression. Furthermore, a 24 h metabolic cage study was carried out immediately after the WBV protocol and fluid intake, urine excretion and urine osmolality were determined. WBV did not affect body weight but improved HbA1c levels in db/db mice. Vibrated db/db mice demonstrated less fluid intake and urine excretion but better urinary concentrating ability than their non-vibrated controls. Pro-inflammatory changes were significantly reduced, as indicated by reduced IL-17 but increased Foxp3 expression. WBV reduced gammaH2AX in db/db mice suggestive of cytoprotective effect. However, WBV was largely without significant effects on assessed parameters in db/m mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that daily, short duration WBV may improve glycemic control, polydipsia, polyuria, and urine osmolality in T2DM in association with reduced inflammation. Thus, WBV may be a viable adjunctive treatment strategy in T2DM.
Highlights
An unintended but inevitable consequence of decrease in physical labor and increase in productivity in centuries following the industrial revolution is the progressive uncoupling between caloric intake and energy expenditure, with the former exceeding the later
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by excessive hepatic glucose release, central obesity, impaired pancreatic insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity by target cells leading to insulin resistance with chronic and persistent hyperglycemia
GLUT4 is specific to skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes, facilitating insulin stimulated movement of glucose into the cell
Summary
An unintended but inevitable consequence of decrease in physical labor and increase in productivity in centuries following the industrial revolution is the progressive uncoupling between caloric intake and energy expenditure, with the former exceeding the later. The trend of excess caloric intake and reduction in food variety accelerated in the latter part of the twentieth century This phenomenon combined with a progressively more sedentary life style was predicted in the 1980s to create a perfect storm of explosive rise in the so called LifestyleRelated Chronic Diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, T2DM is characterized by excessive hepatic glucose release, central obesity, impaired pancreatic insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity by target cells leading to insulin resistance with chronic and persistent hyperglycemia. Many studies have shown that exercise improves glycemic control in patients with T2DM (Baum et al 2007; Davis and Holm 2012). This beneficial effect is likely multifactorial, including increasing energy expenditure as well as insulin-induced membrane translocation of GLUT4. Can WBV improve circulating inflammatory profile and reduce cell damage?
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