Whole Body Vibration Retards Progression of Atherosclerosis via Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.

He Wu,Chang Liu,Xian Li,Zhenya Shao,Yibo Zhang,Yuanlong Li,Shuwen Pan,Xuan Yang,Zipeng Zhou

doi:10.1155/2018/4934861

Abstract

Whole body vibration (WBV) has a marked impact on lipid metabolism and the endocrine system, which is related to the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). To investigate the effects of WBV, we measured the atherosclerotic plaque area of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE−/−) AS mice, which were trained by WBV (15 Hz, 30 min) for 12 weeks. Simultaneously, serum levels of lipids, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the mRNA and protein levels of the same in the aorta were compared between the control and WBV groups. The results indicated that WBV significantly reduced the atherosclerotic plaque area with lower very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the blood. Moreover, the levels of IGF-1 in serum and expression of IL-6, IGF-1R, and p-IGF-1R protein in the mice aorta decreased significantly in the WBV group. In addition, we found that serum IGF-1 in mice increased to the highest concentration in 30 min after WBV for 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. These results suggested that appropriate WBV may delay the progression of AS, which was associated with acutely elevated serum IGF-1 and lower levels of IGF-1 and IL-6 in the aorta for long-term treatment.

Highlights

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a long-term chronic disease characterized by deposition of subendothelial lipoproteins in the arterial wall of medium and large arteries [1]
There were no significant differences in the body weight between the control and Whole body vibration (WBV) groups (p > 0.05; Figure 1(a))
WBV had no effect on total cholesterol (TC), TG, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentrations in mice (Figure 1(c), p > 0.05); the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which are closely related to AS, significantly decreased in the WBV group (p < 0.05; Figures 1(c), 1(d), and 1(e))

Summary

Introduction

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a long-term chronic disease characterized by deposition of subendothelial lipoproteins in the arterial wall of medium and large arteries [1]. The development of AS is a complex process including lipid infiltration, endometrial injury, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and smooth muscle proliferation [2]. The accumulation of LDL-infiltrated lipid into the vascular endothelium through oxidative modification to form ox-LDL leads to arterial wall endothelial injury [3]. The deposition of subendothelial lipoproteins currently is recognized as the AS-initiating factor. High levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 would induce the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and form atherosclerotic plaques. Reduction of high blood lipid and inflammation should be an effective strategy to delay the long-term process of atherosclerotic plaque formation

Methods

Results

Conclusion