Abstract
Imaging of lymphoma is based on the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) and/or contrast-enhanced CT, but concerns have been raised regarding radiation exposure related to imaging scans in patients with cancer, and its association with increased risk of secondary tumors in patients with lymphoma has been established. To date, lymphoproliferative disorders are among the most common indications to perform whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whole-body MRI is superior to contrast-enhanced CT for staging the disease, also being less dependent on histology if compared to 18F-FDG-PET/CT. As well, it does not require exposure to ionizing radiation and could be used for the surveillance of lymphoma. The current role of whole-body MRI in the diagnostic workup in lymphoma is examined in the present review along with the diagnostic performance in staging, response assessment and surveillance of different lymphoma subtypes.
Highlights
Lymphomas are very common malignant tumors, affecting children, young and old adults, and account for 5–6% of all malignancies [1]
Lymphoproliferative disorders consist of different histological subtypes with different prognosis and specific clinical behaviors, which can be divided into three groups, : Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), aggressive lymphomas (a-non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)) and indolent lymphomas (i-NHL) [3]
The former limitation is due to artifacts observed on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences related to cardiac pulsation and breathing that may alter the calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), while the latter is related to challenging detection of lymphoma locations in organs with low ADC values in normal conditions [23]
Summary
Lymphomas are very common malignant tumors, affecting children, young and old adults, and account for 5–6% of all malignancies [1]. Concerns have been raised regarding radiation exposure related to multiple imaging scans performed for staging and follow-up in patients with cancer; the association with an increased risk of secondary neoplasms in patients with lymphoma has been established [11,12]. This has spurred increased interest in the use of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (whole-body MRI) as a radiation-free alternative to standard imaging examinations to evaluate patients with lymphoma [12,13]. The current role of whole-body MRI in the diagnostic workup in lymphoma is examined in the present review along with the diagnostic performance in staging, response assessment and surveillance of different lymphoma subtypes
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