Abstract
The discourses on religious healing that are presented here were collected during interviews in seven research projects done in South Africa and Malawi over a period of almost 20 years. The focus is on how interviewees view the cause of their illness or misfortune, and consequently how they understand the healing thereof, which determines where they go for healing. During the first of these projects, church leaders of 102 churches in Atteridgeville (Pretoria, Tshwane) were interviewed during 2002 and 2003 on their healing practices and the beliefs supporting them. This was combined with the author doing counselling from 2000 to 2007 with more than 1000 patients at Kalafong Hospital in Atteridgeville on the religious discourses that guided their lives and informed them about the causes of their misfortune. During 2009, interviews were held with 210 farm workers in the Hoedspruit area (in the eastern part of the Limpopo Province) on the religious causes of, and religious cures for people living with HIV and AIDS. These interviews were followed up by interviews in the rural township of Sakhelwe (in Dullstroom-Emnotweni in the eastern province of Mpumalanga) during 2011, and extended to rural villages around Nkhoma in Malawi (2016). These were followed up by two interviews held with two women of mixed race in the industrial township of Rustenburg-Karlienpark in the North-West Province of South Africa. In addition, similar research was done in two contexts that stand in strong contrast to those described above. These are interviews with men serving long-term sentences in Zonderwater – a correctional facility 60 km outside Pretoria, who were asked about the religious causes of what is perceived as their suffering because of incarceration. The second was interviews conducted at the Thohoyandou Victim Empowerment Centre with 11 women on the (religious) causes of them being assaulted by their partners. The similarities and differences of the discourses presented by religious people in a variety of contexts on the causes of their illness and misfortune, and how healing can be effected in religious ways, will be highlighted.
Highlights
The aim of this article is firstly, to describe the perceived causes of illness and misfortune described by interviewees from a variety of African communities
Information on the religious discourses that direct the minds of interviewees were obtained in two ways: firstly, through narrative counselling sessions; and secondly, through interviews based on half-structured questionnaires
In Sakhelwe it was believed that illness and misfortune were caused by God (25%), Satan (25%), evil spirits (25%) and through natural causes (25%)
Summary
The aim of this article is firstly, to describe the perceived causes of illness and misfortune described by interviewees from a variety of African communities. To understand the views on religion’s role in healing to which these patients were exposed, during 2002 and 2003, I – with the financial and structural assistance of the Research Institute for Theology and Religion at the University of South Africa where I am employed – conducted 102 visits to churches in Atteridgeville to interview their leaders on their healing practices and the concepts that support these practices Half of these churches were mainline and the other half (African) independent. The interviewees of Sakhelwe, committed Christians and belonging mainly to a Reformed church, believe that illness and misfortune are caused by violations. A total of 40 interviews were conducted of which 21 were with villagers, seven with patients at the hospital, and 12 with resource people of whom four were theological students from the university The results of this project were published in an article entitled ‘Faces of religious healing in Nkhoma, Malawi: An exercise in Oral History’ (Landman 2018). They begged God to free them from this dire relationship and life, and their prayers were answered
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