Abstract
Women with family responsibilities such as child-rearing generally prefer jobs with flexible working conditions. According to the theory of compensating wage differentials, women working in such family-friendly jobs are paid less than those working in family-unfriendly jobs. The present paper investigates whose wages are more greatly affected by the family-(un)friendly aspects of their jobs. Based on a longitudinal survey of Japanese women, we found that among several family-(un)friendly attributes of a job, only commuting time requires a wage premium, and most of the premium is associated with job changes made by part-time-working married women.
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