Who Participates in Chronic Disease Self-management (CDSM) Programs? Differences Between Participants and Nonparticipants in a Population of Multimorbid Older Adults

Abstract

Self-care management is recognized as a key component of care for multimorbid older adults; however, the characteristics of those most likely to participate in Chronic Disease Self-Management (CDSM) programs and strategies to maximize participation in such programs are unknown. To identify individual factors associated with attending CDSM programs in a sample of multimorbid older adults. Participants in the intervention arm of a matched-pair cluster-randomized controlled trial of the Guided Care model were invited to attend a 6-session CDSM course. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with attendance. All subjects (N = 241) were aged 65 years or older, were at high risk for health care utilization, and were not homebound. Baseline information on demographics, health status, health activities, and quality of care was available for CDSM participants and nonparticipants. Participation was defined as attendance at 5 or more CDSM sessions. A total of 22.8% of multimorbid older adults who were invited to CDSM courses participated in 5 or more sessions. Having better physical health (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.3 [1.1-4.8]) and rating one's physician poorly on support for patient activation (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.8 [1.3-6.0]) were independently associated with attendance. Multimorbid older adults who are in better physical health and who are dissatisfied with their physicians' support for patient activation are more likely to participate in CDSM courses.