Who Moves to Whom? Gender Differences in the Distance Moved to a Shared Residence

Maria Brandén,Karen Haandrikman

doi:10.1007/s10680-018-9490-4

Abstract

Although the migration of couples and families is well examined, the migration that occurs at the start of co-residence has only been minimally studied. This study examines (1) whether women move more often and move over longer distances at the start of co-residence and (2) whether gender differences (if any) stem from compositional differences between women and men, such as gender differences in ties, or if they are the consequence of the within-couple distribution of bargaining power. The analyses are performed on Swedish population register data from 1991 to 2008, including longitudinal information on the residence of all couples who either married or had a child as cohabitants in 2008, backtracking them to the year of union formation. The results indicate that women are more prone to move for the sake of their male partner in the process of union formation than vice versa. If partners lived in close proximity prior to co-residence, the woman’s increased likelihood of moving and longer distance moved is nearly completely explained by power imbalances in the couple. Gender differences in ties only have minor importance in explaining gender differences in these types of migration patterns. If partners lived far apart prior to co-residence, gender differences are particularly pronounced. These differences remain after adjusting for the two partners’ relative resources. We contribute to the family migration literature by suggesting that women’s higher propensity to move and their longer distance moved are indications that even couples’ decisions at the start of co-residence are made in favour of the man’s career.

Highlights

Migration research has long acknowledged that couples’ migration decisions tend to be taken with the man’s career in mind rather than the woman’s (Cooke 2008a)
If the two partners lived in close proximity, there were no gender differences in the mean distance moved to a first shared residence
The modelling strategy consists of the following steps (Tables 3, 4, 5): with Model 1, we test Hypothesis 1, only including gender; Model 2 adds individual-level control variables to test Hypothesis 2; and Model 3 includes relational variables

Summary

Introduction

Migration research has long acknowledged that couples’ migration decisions tend to be taken with the man’s career in mind rather than the woman’s (Cooke 2008a). Gendered norms, even if only marginally in favour of the male breadwinner model over the dual-earner model, make it likely that couples in which partners are similar in terms of local ties, human capital, and relative resources will consider it to be a larger sacrifice for the man to give up his career at his current place of residence for moving than for the woman to do the same. This implies that gendered norms may make it more likely for the woman to move to the man than vice versa. To ensure that this lower-quality data did not bias our results, we repeated the analyses excluding individuals who were living with parents or studying the year before co-residence, with virtually identical results

Analytical Strategy

Independent Variables

Descriptive Results

Results of Multivariate Analyses

A: Linear probability models of likelihood of moving B

Discussion and Concluding