Abstract

To understand the considerable detorioration in the economic policies of many African countries during the 1970s, it is essential to go beyond the economist's analytical models. The pressing drive of authoritarian rulers to survive adds an important dimension to economic policy choices. Although constrained to varying degrees by ethnic, regional and class loyalties among populations they govern, African rulers enjoy a measure of autonomy in making policy. They did not react speedily to the growing economic crisis during the early 1980s, however. Most reforms were undertaken under pressure and many policy efforts failed. Some countries managed to sustain reforms, but the important question is how to go beyond these idiosyncratic cases.

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