Abstract

In an extensive review of 32 reports Bonica1 found that, pain is a major symptom in 70% of cancer patients. In 1986, the World Health Organisation (WHO) published a document titled Cancer Pain Relief, which set out the principles of cancer pain management based on the use of a ‘three-step analgesic ladder.This analgesic ladder was a conceptual framework to assist in the prescription of analgesic drugs.2

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