Who gets what, when and how: distribution modalities and perceived barriers to sustained use of LPG cook stoves and cylinders in the Ghana Rural LPG Program

Abstract

Introduction The widespread use of wood fuel in developing countries is a major cause of deforestation and household air pollution. The Ghana Ministry of Petroleum is implementing a LPG Program to promote LPG use in rural areas by distributing free 6kg cylinders and one burner cook stoves with the aim of reducing household air pollution. We assessed the distribution modalities of 2000 cylinders and cook stoves and the communities’ perceived barriers to sustained use. Methods Between November – December, 2015 we conducted a qualitative assessment in five purposively selected communities in the Nkoranza North District of Ghana. Nine (9) Focus Group Discussions were conducted among female beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the program. Sixteen (16) In-depth interviews were done with non-beneficiaries who hitherto were earmarked as beneficiaries and stakeholders involved in the distribution process at the local level. Data were transcribed, imported into Nvivo 10 for management and analysis. Results Respondents were mainly agricultural workers and traders between 19-66 years. Generally, non-beneficiaries perceived that LPG cook-stoves were largely distributed to the political party members and supporters of the ruling government. The distribution was thus met with despondency from non-beneficiaries. However, interviews with beneficiaries did not corroborate this view. Financial constraint was commonly reported as the main possible barrier to the use of LPG cook-stoves. Lack of LPG filling station in beneficiary districts and fear of any adverse effect from its use were also seen as possible barriers. Conclusion The perceived bias that characterized the distribution process contravene UN goal of universal access to modern energy and clean cook-stoves which Ghana subscribes. Also, though LPG cook stoves are accepted there is the need for funding mechanisms to overcome the financial barriers to sustained use.