Abstract
BackgroundTemuco and Padre Las Casas, Chile, have severe problems of air pollution due to the extensive use of firewood for heating. The local authorities have made various efforts to improve fuel quality and introduce greater regulation into the market. Certified firewood guarantees low levels of humidity (< 25%) and has better combustion, but its distribution is still limited and the variables that determine its purchase have scarcely been studied. The aim of this study is to identify the determinants of certified firewood consumption in urban southern Chile.MethodsThis study was conducted with a cross-sectional non-experimental design. Following a non-probability sampling by convenience, we applied 355 surveys to participants who use a firewood system. Nonparametric comparisons analyses were made to identify differences in the use of certified wood by socio demographic variables. In addition, an Ordinal Logistic Regression was used to analyze the relation between the use of certified firewood and various psycho-social variables.ResultsHalf of the users of wood-burning stoves participating in the study declared that they “never” (38%) or “almost never” (12%) used certified firewood to heat their home. Situational and product-related variables, such as price, availability, convenience and time are fundamental to people’s purchase behavior, partially explaining the low public interest shown in this product. On the other hand, the results indicate the influence of socio-demographic variables such as income level and the presence of older adults at home, as well as psycho-social variables which include how much participants pay attention to air quality, the information level they have about it, the feelings of discomfort due to air pollution and concern for its effects on health.ConclusionsFirst, increasing information levels and awareness among the population through communication campaigns is necessary to promote the sustainable urban energy transition in southern Chile. Second, information strategies may be complemented by boosting employment, driving investment, improving income, and strengthening the mechanisms of social protection, especially for the most vulnerable groups, to be effective. Finally, protecting and stimulating the formal trade in firewood could increase the points of sale of certified firewood, which would facilitate user access to cleaner fuels.
Highlights
Temuco and Padre Las Casas, Chile, have severe problems of air pollution due to the extensive use of firewood for heating
Every winter, the cities in urban southern Chile record pollution levels that exceed healthy limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO)
The combination of low income (50% of workers have a monthly income of 400 USD or less according to CASEN 2017), lack of access to alternative energies at a reasonable price, and a greater demand for energy due to poor quality construction of many of the houses explains the mass use of this fuel in the region
Summary
Temuco and Padre Las Casas, Chile, have severe problems of air pollution due to the extensive use of firewood for heating. According to data from the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN 2017), in Temuco and Padre Las Casas, more than 90% of households use firewood for heating or cooking, whereas in the rural areas of the region the proportion can be even higher. The combination of low income (50% of workers have a monthly income of 400 USD or less according to CASEN 2017), lack of access to alternative energies at a reasonable price (liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene and electricity can cost more than 3 to 5 times more per unit of energy), and a greater demand for energy due to poor quality construction of many of the houses explains the mass use of this fuel in the region
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